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A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts about Romanian adjectives: definition, classifications, agreement rules, positions, intensification, and special forms.
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Adjectivul
In Romanian grammar, the adjective is the class of words that modify a noun (or its substitute), agrees with it, and limits its extension by providing specific information.
Adjective primare (primary)
A traditional category of adjectives that are simple base forms (e.g., albastru).
Adjective derivate
Adjectives that are formed from other words or bases (e.g., bărbătos).
Adjectiv prin conversiune
Adjectives obtained by conversion from other parts of speech (e.g., pământ încălzit – adjectiv participial; mână tremurândă – adjectiv gerunzial; acest/Băiat/Nicăun băiat – adjective pronominale).
Adjectiv calificativ
A semantic class of adjectives that express traits or qualities (e.g., deștept, curajos, frumos).
Adjectiv relaționale
Adjectives that indicate relations between nouns (e.g., cutie metalică, rasă canină).
Adjectiv determinativ
Adjectives that determine or quantify a noun; includes demonstrative, possessive, some indefinite (fiecare), and numerical adjectives with adjectival value.
Neuter (genera) hybrid
In Romanian, neuter is a hybrid gender for some adjectives, so agreement with neuter nouns uses masculine singular in singular and feminine plural in plural; neuter itself is not a distinct gender for adjectives.
Poziții sintactice ale adjectivului – atribut adjectival
Adjectives typically appear as attributive adjectives, modifying a noun (ex: Cartea interesantă).
Poziții sintactice suplimentare
Besides the attributive position, adjectives can be predicative (Cartea este interesantă), predicativ suplimentar (Ea dormea liniștită), or part of a prepositional/circumstantial phrase (Din verde s-a făcut galbenă).
Gradele de intensitate
The degrees of intensity: pozitiv (positive), comparativ (comparative), superioritate (cel mai deștept); egalitate (tot atât de deștept); inferioritate (mai puțin deștept); superlativ (cel mai deștept); absolut (foarte, tare, prea, etc.).
Superlativul absolut
Expresses the maximum degree of a quality without a relation to others; formed with adverbs, prefixes/suffixes, repetition, and other constructions (e.g., foarte deștept, extraordinar de deștept).
Incompatibilitatea intensității
Some adjectives cannot take intensity forms because of their meaning (e.g., enorm, infinit) or because they already express a relative/intensity concept (e.g., anterior, superior, exterior).