Islam's Response to Contemporary Issues

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes regarding Islamic responses to modern religious, social, and political challenges.

Hadrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad

The fourth successor of the Promised Messiah and spiritual head of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community between 1982 and 2003.

Universality of Prophethood

The Islamic doctrine that Divine messengers have been raised among every people and nation throughout human history.

Khataman Nabiyyin

A Quranic title for the Prophet Muhammad meaning 'Seal of the Prophets,' signifying his role as the final and supreme law-bearing authority.

Sabi

An Arabic term designating the followers of non-Semitic religions who possess their own revealed scriptures.

Absolute Justice

The fundamental principle in Islam requiring equitable treatment and fair judgment for all, regardless of race, religion, or personal enmity.

Purdah

The Islamic practice of modest dress and the segregation of sexes intended to protect the sanctity of the family and female honor.

Qawwamun

A term indicating that men are appointed as guardians and providers tasked with the moral and financial care of their households.

Zakat

A mandatory religious levy, typically set at $2.5\,\%$, charged on idle capital to promote the circulation of wealth and support the poor.

Interest (Usury)

A financial practice prohibited in Islam for its exploitative nature and its role in causing inflation and social economic imbalance.

Scientific Socialism

An economic system that Islam critiques for its lack of personal incentive and its mechanical, state-controlled approach to capital.

Shariah

The body of Islamic law derived from the Quran and Prophetic traditions, providing guidance for both spiritual and temporal affairs.

Mullahism

A term used to describe theocratic influence where religious clergy claim the ultimate authority to interpret and enforce divine law over democratic legislation.

Mutual Consultation (Shura)

The Islamic preferred method for administering political affairs, where decisions are reached through collective deliberation and democratic principles.

The Four Basic Needs

A Quranic charter identifying the minimum rights a state must ensure for its citizens: food, clothing, water, and shelter.

Individual Peace

A state of spiritual contentment achieved through the remembrance of God and the selfless service of humanity.

Laghw

Quranic terminology for vain, wasteful, or meaningless activities that divert human energy away from useful and spiritual goals.

Farewell Sermon

The final public address by the Prophet Muhammad, which established principles of human equality and condemned racial superiority.