Cell Structure and Functions

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to cell structure and function, as discussed in the lecture.

Lipids

Organic molecules that are usually non-polar and hydrophobic, vital for cell membrane structure.

Phospholipids

A type of lipid that is amphipathic, having both a polar end and a non-polar end.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory that states all living things are made of cells, are the basic unit of life, and come from preexisting cells.

Mitochondrion

An organelle where respiration takes place and energy is produced.

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes used to break down waste and cellular debris.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains DNA and controls cellular functions.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Endomembrane System

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies, packages, and transports lipids and proteins.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, characterized by circular DNA.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Gene Editing

A biotechnological process that modifies genes within organisms using techniques like plasmids.

Central Vacuole

A large vacuole found in plant cells that stores materials and regulates cell volume.

Nuclear Envelope

A double membrane that encloses the nucleus and allows selective transport of molecules.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle involved in lipid and steroid synthesis, as well as detoxification.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle studded with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis and modifications.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Vesicles

Membrane-bound sacs that transport and store substances within a cell.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that carry out oxidation reactions, detoxifying harmful byproducts like hydrogen peroxide.

Trans Face (Golgi Apparatus)

The side of the Golgi apparatus where vesicles bud off to transport molecules to their next destination.

Plasma Membrane

A selective barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling movement of substances in and out.