the judiciary branch

federalist 78

argues the judicial branch is the weakest because it has no purse or sword and supports judicial review

supreme court

interprets the constitution, reviews laws, highest court of appeals

scotus justice process

president nominates a candidate, senate holds votes and hearings, confirmed by senate majority

original jurisdiction

cases that the supreme court can hear first

appellate jurisdiction

cases appealed from lower courts

constitution article 3

establishes judicial branch, creates supreme court, gives congress power to create lower courts

12th amendment

declared the president and vice president as seperate

marbury v madison relevance  

established judicial review

civil law

cases involving private rights and relationships

criminal law

cases involving actions determined to harm the community

stare decisis

courts follow precedent from previous rulings

majority opinion

more than half the judges agree, becomes the precedent

concurring opinion

agrees with majority outcome but for different reasons

dissenting opinion

disagrees with majority ruling

judicial restraint

judges should avoid making major policy changes

judicial activism

courts should actively protect rights

chief justice john marshall

helped establish judicial review