Chapter 6: DNA Quantitation

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alkaline solution

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22 Terms

1

alkaline solution

Prior to the quantitation, an _______ is added to the genomic DNA sample, which denatures DNA.

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2

D17Z1 probe

Labeled with radioisotopes that could be visualized by exposing the slot blot membrane to x-ray film.

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3

nitrocellulose membrane

Generating single-stranded DNA is necessary for DNA to be cross-linked onto a _____.

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4

Alkaline phosphatase-labeled probe

It can be coupled with chemiluminescent detection.

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5

Biotinylated probe

It can be coupled with either colorimetric or chemiluminescent detection.

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6

colorimetric detection

In ______, the biotin moiety of the probe is bound to streptavidin.

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7

horseradish peroxidase

The streptavidin is conjugated with ______, which catalyzes the oxidation reaction of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)

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8

chemiluminescent detection

The sensitivity of _____ is slightly higher than that of colorimetric detection.

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9

Quantitative measurements

_____ can be made by comparing an unknown sample to a set of standards with known DNA concentrations.

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10

Intercalating dyes

______, usually planar molecules, can slide themselves in between base pairs of DNA without breaking the DNA double helix.

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11

Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA reagent (Invitrogen)

It is a fluorescent intercalating dye that stains double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) for quantitation in a sample. The detection limit of this method is approximately 250 pg.

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12

standard spectrofluorometer

DNA samples are simply added to a solution containing the fluorescent intercalating dye. The fluorescence, proportional to the quantities of DNA is measured using a ______ with excitation and emission wavelengths of the light source.

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13

standard curve

A ______ is first created using samples containing known amounts of DNA.

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14

End-point PCR methods

______ measure the quantity of amplified product at the end of PCR.

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15

Real-time PCR methods

_______ can quantify the amplified DNA during the exponential phase of PCR.

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16

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)

It was developed in the early 1990s, and it analyzes the amplification of a target sequence at each cycle of PCR.

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17

Fluorescent reporter

Used to monitor the accumulation of amplified products during PCR.

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18

TaqMan Method

This method utilizes the 5′ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase to cleave the probe during PCR.

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19

minor groove binder (MGB)

A ______ is often linked at the 3′ ends of the probe.

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20

conjugated MGB

A ______ binds to the minor groove of a B-form DNA helix which is stabilized by Vander Waals forces.

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21

oligonucleotide probe

The ______ is labeled with both a reporter fluorescent dye, and a nonfluorescent quencher moiety.

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22

Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfers (FRET)

A distance-dependent interaction between two molecules in which the excitation energy is transferred from a photon donor molecule (reporter) to an acceptor molecule (quencher) without emission of a photon.

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