WOLSEY’S DOWNFALL

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6 Terms

1
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ALIENATION OF THE NOBILITY - DUKE OF NORFOLK

  • created many noble enemies, e.g. Duke of Norfolk who attempted to manipulate Henry into believing Wolsey wasn’t always working in his best interests

    • Norfolk encouraged his niece (AB) to distract H away from CoA. She also hated wolseys influence over H

    • Norfolk was powerful - lord treasurer. Successfully opposed amicable grant of 1525 and had a seat on almost every local govt council across country.

2
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FAILURE TO SECURE ANNULMENT - SCRIPTURE

  • tried to use bible to justify annulment - argued marriage wasn’t valid - used ambiguity of consummation to justify claim

  • H - used Leviticus 20:21 “if a man marries his brothers wife, it is an act of impurity; he has dishonoured his brother. They will be childless”

  • CoA rebutted - Deuteronomy 25:5 - states if a husband dies it is the duty of his brother to marry the widow

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FAILURE TO SECURE ANNULMENT - DIPLOMACY

  • problematic as Catherine’s nephew Charles V (HRE + King of Spain) had captured pope.

  • Pope couldn’t make decision in favour of H (against CoA) as it would put him in danger

  • Wolsey even tried to make alliance with France to wage war against Charles but failed

4
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FAILURE TO SECURE ANNULMENT - LEGAL

  • pope sent cardinal campeggio over to England to help in hearings but instructed him to delay them - took him 6 months to get there

  • Campeggio + Wolsey meant two papal legates which causes stalemate in hearings

  • When court finally met - Catherine refused to recognise it and appealed to pope to move it to Rome - he agreed and insisted English court stop proceedings

5
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LOST ABILITY

  • all of these failures brought end to him being able to have influence over proceedings - Gardiner appointed royal secretary and took over Wolsey’s responsibilities.

  • H’s attention was turned to taking matters into his own hands to achieve divorce without help of Catholic Church as posed to annulment through the means open to him within Church

6
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ACCUSATION OF PRAEMUNIRE

  • OCTOBER 1529 - Wolsey accused of praemunire (working in interests of pope rather than king)

  • Position as papal legate being used against him - stripped of positions and powers as bishop of York.

  • Hoped H would drop charges against him but summoned to court on treason charges

  • Died on journey to London in Nov 1530 due to ill health and stress