Cell Organelles

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to cell organelles and their functions in both plant and animal cells.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer made of cellulose that surrounds plant cells, providing shape and protection. It is not found in animal cells and helps to maintain turgor pressure.

Cell Membrane

A semi-permeable membrane surrounding all cells, regulating what enters and exits the cell.

Ribosome

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins based on the instructions from RNA.

Golgi Body

An organelle that modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A network of membranes studded with ribosomes that synthesizes and packages proteins.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

An organelle that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances; lacks ribosomes.

Lysosome

Membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes to digest waste products and cellular debris.

Vacuole

Storage organelles that hold food, nutrients, and waste, larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the 'powerhouses of the cell' that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Chloroplast

Organelles in plant cells that convert sunlight into glucose through photosynthesis.

Nucleus

The control center of a cell that houses DNA and regulates activities such as metabolism and reproduction.

Nucleolus

A structure within the nucleus responsible for producing ribosomes.

Golgi Body

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.