Anatomy - Ch 1

anatomy

structure

physiology

function

level of organization

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

anatomical position

standing upright, feet parallel to floor, head level and looking forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body

coronal (frontal) plane

divides body into anterior and posterior

transverse plane

divides body into superior and inferior

midsagittal plane

divides body into equal left and right halves

oblique plane

passes through specimen at angle

anterior

ventral, front

posterior

dorsal, back

superior

toward head

inferior

toward feet

medial

toward midline

lateral

away from midline

proximal

close to trunk

distal

far from drunk

axial region

head, neck, trunk

appendicular region

upper and lower limbs

posterior

dorsal aspect

anterior

ventral cavity

cranial cavity

formed by cranium, houses brain

vertebral canal

formed by vertebral column, contains spinal cord

thoracic cavity

chest cavity, bordered anteriorly and laterally by chest wall and inferiorly by diaphragm

mediastinum

heart is located in middle compartment of cavity, contains pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, major blood vessels

pericardial

contains heart

pleural

contains lungs

abdominal

bordered superiorly by diaphragm and inferiorly by horizontal plane beteen superior ridges of hip bones

pelvic

region located between hip bones and interior to horizontal plane between superior ridges of hip bone

parietal layer

lines internal surface of body wall

visceral layer

covers external surface of organs in cavity

parietal peritoneum

lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

peritoneal cavity

potential space with serious fluid

visceral peritoneum

covers surface of most digestive organs, inner balloon wall