Biology Test (Invertebrates)

Spiny Skin

Echinodermata means

coastal waters, ocean trenches

Echinoderms usually inhabit shallow _____ and _____.

Organisms in class Echinodermata

• sea stars

• brittle stars

• sand dollars

• sea cucumbers

bilaterally, radial

Echinoderms change from a free-swimming _____ symmetrical larva to a bottom-dwelling adult with ____ symmetry.

pentaradial symmetry

Most echinoderms have 5 radii or multiples which is known as _____ _____.

calcium plates

Echinoderms have an endoskeleton that is made up of ___ ___, may include protruding spines.

tube feet

Echinoderms have __ __ that aid in movement, feeding, respiration, and excretion.

circulatory, respiratory, excretory

Echinoderms don’t have _____, ____, and ____.

head, brain

Echinoderms have a nervous system but no ____ or ____.

sexually, asexually

There are 2 sexes of Echinoderms, and they can produce ____ and ____.

The 5 Classes of Echinoderms

• Crinoidea

• Asteroidea

• Ophiuroidea

• Echinoidea

• Holothuroidea

lilylike

Crinoidea means

sessile

Crinoidea are

Examples of Crinoidea

sea lilies and feather stars

branching arms

crinoidea have a long stalk w/ ____ ___ that attach them to rocks and the ocean bottom.

detach

Crinoidea can ___ and move around.

mouth & anus

Crinoidea have a ____ and ___ on upper surface.

5 to 200

Crinoidea may have ___ to ___ arms with sticky tube feet to help capture food (filter feeders) and take in oxygen.

strong currents

Crinoidea are common in areas w/ ___ ____ and usually nocturnal feeders.

star-like

Asteroidea

sedentary

Usually, ____ along shorelines

Examples of Asteroidea

• starfish

• sea stars

variety of colors

Asteroidea come in a ___ _ ____.

bivalve mollusks

Prey on ___ ___ such as clams and oysters.

regenerated

Asteroidea have 5 arms that can be _____.

central disk

Asteroidea arms project from the ____ ___.

oral

Asteroidea mouths are on the ____ surface (underside).

snakelike

Ophiuroidea means

Largest

Ophiuroidea are the ___ echinoderm class.

examples of Ophiuroidea

• basket stars

• brittle stars

stones, crevices

Ophiuroidea primarily reside under ____ and in ____ and holes of coral reefs.

thin brittle

Ophiuroidea have ____ _____ arms that break off and regenerate themselves quickly.

tube

Ophiuroidea feed by raking food off the ocean floor w/ their arms and bottom of ___ feet.

mucous strands

Ophiuroidea also trap food with _____ ____ btw. their spines.

hedgehoglike

Echinoidea means

Examples of Echinoidea

• sand dollars

• sea urchins

test and Aristotle’s lantern

Echinoidea have ___ and ____.

Test

-rigid endoskeleton that the internal organs are compacted in.

Aristotle’s Lantern

-complex jaw-like mechanism that is used to grind their food.

tube feet

Echinoidea move by using ___ ___.

venomous

For protection, Echinoidea have barbs on their long spines that are sometimes ____.

sea coasts and sandy

Echinoidea like sand dollars, live along ____ and ____ areas.

burrowing

Echinoidea have flat, round bodies: an adaptation for shallow _____.

short spines

Echinoidea use ___ ___ to move and they also aid in burrowing and cleaning their bodies)

filter food

Echinoidea use tubes to ___ ___ out of water.

sea cucumbers

____ ___ belong to the Holothuroidea class.

soft

Holothuroidea bodies are _____.

tentacles around the mouth

Holothuroidea feed by having ____ ____ ___ ____ sweep up sediment from the water.

eject

For protection, Holothuroidea ___ internal organs through the anus.

regenerated

In Holothuroidea, lost parts are later ____.

evisceration

In the class Holothuroidea, _____ occurs.

Body plane of the sea star

• oral surface

• aboral surface

• ossicles

• pedicellariae

oral surface

-mouth located on the underside of the body

aboral surface

-top of the body

Ossicles

-sharp protective spines made of calcium plates, covered w/ thin epidermal layer.

Pedicellariae

-tiny forceps that protect and clean the body surface.

Path of water in the water-vascular system

• enters sieve plate

• passes through stone canal

• traces a path from the ring canal encircling mouth to 5 radial canals that extend to each arm

• Ampulla: bulblike sac that each foot connects to

• feet contract, water enters and are able to suction surface of slippery rocks

suction

In a sea star, the tube feet attach to bivalve mollusk shells and create ____ to pull valves apart slightly.

invert

Starfish ____ its stomach through its mouth and inserts it into prey.

enzymes

In starfish, the stomach secretes ____ to partially digest bivalve then stomach withdrawn and digestion completed inside starfish.

circulatory, respiratory

In Holothuroidea, there’s no _____, excretory, or ____ systems.

coelomic fluid

in Holothuroidea, _____ ____ bathes organs and distributes food and oxygen

Gas change

In Holothuroidea, ___ _____ occurs through skin gills and diffusion into the tube feet.

head or brain

Holothuroidea have no ____ or ____.

nerve ring

Holothuroidea have a ___ ___ surrounding the mouth that branch into nerve cords down each arm.

eyespots

Holothuroidea have ____ on the tips of each arm detect light

touch

Holothuroidea tube feet respond to ____.

separate

Holothuroidea are ____ sexes.

Two gonads

Holothuroidea have ___ ___ (ovaries or testes) in each arm produce eggs or sperm.

external

Holothuroidea have ___ fertilization.

200,000,000

In Holothuroidea, females produce up to _______ eggs per season.

bipinnaria larva

In Holothuroidea, fertilized eggs hatch into ___ ____ which settles to the bottom after 2 years and changes into adult.

regenerating

Holothuroidea asexually reproduces by regenerating.

Phylum Mollusca

• chitons

• snails

• slugs

• oysters

• clams

• octopuses

• squids

soft-bodied

Most Mollusk are ___ ___ invertebrate.

mantle

Mollusk are covered with protective _____ that may or may not form a hard, calcium carbonate shell.

second

Mollusk are the ____ largest animal phylum.

muscular foot

Mollusk have a ___ ___ for movement which is modified into tentacles for squid and octopus.

one-way digestive

Mollusk have a complete, ___ ___ ___ tract with a mouth and anus.

characteristic

A _____ of mollusk is cephalization.

Cephalization

-have a distinct head with sense organs and brain

radula

Mollusks have a scraping, mouth-like structure called the ___.

trochophore

Mollusk go through free-swimming larval stage called ____.

marine

Most Mollusk are ____.

gastropods and bivalves

In Mollusks, both ____ and ___ inhabit freshwater.

slugs and snails

Mollusks, a few gastropods, like ___ and ___, are terrestrial.

The three main parts of Mollusks body plan

• Muscular foot

• visceral mass

• mantle

visceral mass

-containing digestive, circulatory, respiratory and reproductive organs.

Mantle

-houses the gills and in some secretes a protective shell over the visceral mass.

separate sexes

Most Mollusks have ___ ____ w/ gonads located in the visceral mass.

sensory structures

Most Mollusks have well-developed head ends w/ ____ ____ that may be simple light detectors or complex eyes (cephalopods)

rasping, tongue-like

The radula is a ____, ___-___ feeding structure found in most mollusks except bivalves.

scraping

Mollusks have tiny rows of teeth for ___.

Shells

____ are found in Mollusk like, snails, bivalve mollusks, chitons, and nautilus.

calcium carbonate

In Mollusks, the shells are made of ___ ___ (limestone).

mantle

Shells of Mollusks are greeted by the ___.

open circulatory system

Most Mollusks have an ___ ___ ___ w/ a pumping heart, blood vessels, and blood sinuses.

closed circulatory system

Most cephalopods (squids and octopus) have a ___ ___ ___ w/ a heart, blood vessels, and capillaries.

mantle cavity

The space between the mantle and the visceral mass (body organs) is called the ____ ____.

respiratory organs

The ___ ____ (gills or lungs) are generally housed here.