General Earth Science I

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to General Earth Science I, including models of the universe, geological processes, and the interactions within Earth's systems.

Geocentric Model

A model of the universe that places Earth at its center.

Heliocentric Model

A model of the solar system with the Sun at its center, proposed by Copernicus.

Big Bang Theory

The scientific explanation that the universe began as a singularity approximately 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

Hydrostatic Equilibrium

The balance between the inward force of gravity and the outward pressure of nuclear fusion in a star.

Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)

A significant solar eruption that releases large amounts of plasma and electromagnetic fields into space.

Solar Wind

A continuous stream of charged particles (plasma) emitted by the Sun that influences the magnetosphere of Earth.

Asthenosphere

A semi-fluid layer of the upper mantle that allows for the movement of tectonic plates.

Plate Tectonics

The theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into plates that glide over the mantle, causing geological phenomena.

Weathering

The breakdown of rocks into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means.

Erosion

The transport of weathered material by natural forces such as water, wind, and ice.

Sedimentary Rock

Rock formed by the accumulation and compression of sediments.

Metamorphic Rock

Rock that has been transformed by heat and pressure.

Igneous Rock

Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen.

Tides

The regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun.

Auroras

Natural light displays in the sky, primarily seen in high-latitude regions, caused by the interaction of solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere.

El Niño

A climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

Climate vs. Weather

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation.

Anthropogenic Impact

The influence of human activity on the natural environment.

Nucleosynthesis

The process by which elements are formed in stars.

Solar Cycle

The cycle of solar activity, including changes in solar radiation and the number of sunspots, that occurs approximately every 11 years.

Coriolis Effect

The deflection of moving objects on Earth caused by the rotation of the planet.