Forces that Change our Earth

Unit 3 Test Review: Weathering, Erosion, and The Rock Cycle Using your notes, create a study strategy for: FL Karst Geologic Features/Vocab (Karst Topography and importance to Florida, limestone, cave, stalactite, stalagmite, sinkhole, spring, aquifer, importance of the Everglades) Mountains (formation and what the mountain looks like for each type of mountain - folded mountain, dome mountain, fault mountain, fault-block mountain) Volcanoes (central vent, fissure/side vent, crater, magma chamber, volcanic bombs, ash cloud, lava flow, cone, lava, vent, volcano) Multiple Choice, True/False, Short Answer, Label Diagrams (Rock Cycle, Volcano)

What are the four types of mountains?

Folded, Dome, Fault, and Fault-Block

What is the difference between a stalagmite and a stalactite?

Stalactites are on the ceiling of caves, stalagmites are on the ground

What is karst topography?

A type of landscape filled with porous rock where the dissolving of bedrock created characteristic features (sinkholes, caves, springs, etc)

How is karst topography important to Florida?

Limestone forms karst topography and limestone is the foundation of Florida because Florida used to be a shallow sea filled with dead marine life & layers built up, forming limestone.

What is limestone?

A carbonate sedimentary rock made of calcite and aragonite

How does limestone form?

Florida used to be a shallow sea filled with dead marine life and layers built up, forming limestone; the accumulation of shells from sea creatures

How does a folded mountain form?

Plates slowly collide, crust folds and crumbles, layers of rock compress from opposite sides

How does a dome mountain form?

Molten rock inside the Earth pushes up on the crust, creating a landform with a rounded shape

How does a fault mountain form?

Land on one side of a fault in the Earth's crust is uplifted or tilted because of compression along a fault

How does a fault-block mountain form?

Crust undergoes extension or is stretched, crustal blocks move along normal faults, huge blocks of Earth's crust move up or down along a fault

What does a folded mountain look like?

Steep on both sides

What does a dome mountain look like?

Has a rounded shape

What does a fault mountain look like?

One side is steep and the other side is gradual

What does a fault-block mountain look like?

Flat on top, steep on sides

Why is the Everglades important to Florida?

Provides drinking water for 8 million Floridians, protects communities from natural disasters, supports Florida's 1.2B fishing industry

What is a sinkhole?

A hole in the ground caused by a collapse of the surface layer; also called a doline

What is a cave?

A natural opening in the ground with a hallow space beneath the surface

What does a mountain have to have to be considered a mountain?

Elevation

What is a spring?

A natural outflow of groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface

What is an aquifer?

A package of rocks and sediment that provide water in enough quantities to be economically useful to society

What is a bluff?

A broad, rounded cliff that borders a coastal areal formed through erosion, sea spray, and crashing waves

What is a waterfall?

A river's steep fall over a rocky ledge into a plunge pool below; formed as streams flow from soft to hard rock

Central vent

The main pathway in the center of a volcano, which lava flows upward

Fissure/side vent

A large crack inside the volcano through which lava can flow.

Crater

A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening

Magma chamber

A space below ground filled with magma

Volcanic bombs

Large blobs of magma that harden in the air

Ash cloud

A cloud of ash that forms in the air after some volcanic eruptions

Lava flow

the spread of lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent

Volcanic cone

A structure inside of the volcano built up of ash and lava from previous eruptions

Lava

Liquid magma that reaches the surface

Magma

Molten rock beneath the earth's surface

What is the difference between lava and magma?

Lava is magma outside of the volcano, while magma is the one inside.

Volcano vent

The opening in the earth that volcanic materials get erupted from

Volcano

a mountain or hill having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

How does igneous rock turn into sediments?

weathering and erosion

How does sediment turn into sedimentary rock?

compaction and cementation

How does sedimentary rock turn into sediments?

weathering and erosion

How does sedimentary rock turn into metamorphic rock?

heat and pressure

How does metamorphic rock turn into magma?

melting

How does magma turn into igneous rock?

cooling

How does igneous rock turn into magma?

melting

How does metamorphic rock turn into sediments?

weathering and erosion

How does igneous rock turn into metamorphic rock?

heat and pressure