last biomechanics notes for final-Phillips

what is the study of mechanics as it relates to anatomical analysis of biological systems?

biomechanics

what is the study of physical actions of forces (static and dynamic)?

mechanics

what is a description of motion and includes time, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and space factors of a system's motion?

kinematics

what can be described as a rigid bar that turns about an axis or fulcrum?

a lever

what do bones represent in levers?

the bars

what do joints represent in levers?

the axis/fulcrum (most of the time)

what do muscle represent in levers?

the force/effort (when they contract)

what determines the classification of a lever?

the arrangement of the effort, load, and fulcrum

how is a first class lever classified? what is an example in the body?

the fulcrum/axis (joint) is in the middle; tricep pushdown

how is a second class lever classified? what is an example in the body?

the load/resistance is in the middle; standing calf raises

how is a third class lever classified? what is the example in the body?

the effort/force is in the middle; bicep curl

what is the equilibrium equation for levers?

F x FA = R x RA

when is distance used in sports?

5k road race

when is displacement used in sports?

swimming distance, orienteering

what is speed?

distance divided by time

what is velocity?

displacement divided by time

what is distance?

rate times time

what is the term for the rate of change in velocity and is calculated by change in velocity divided by change in time?

linear acceleration (m/s^2)

what is resistance to both linear, angular acceleration, and to disruption of equilibrium?

stability

what is the ability to control equilibrium?

balance

what is the effect of mass?

the greater the mass the greater the force required to overcom inertia

(benefit for linemen and detriment for gymnasts)

what is the effect of friction?

the greater the friction between the object and the surface it contacts, the greater the force required to create or maintain motion

what can be described as the are enclosed by outer most edges of the body in contact with the supporting surface?

base of support

what is the relationship between the line of action of external force and equilibrium?

an increase toward the line of action of external force increases equilibrium

what is the relationship between size and equilibrium?

and increase in size increases equilibrium

what is the relationship between C of G and equilibrium?

the nearer C of G is to the edge of the base of support toward oncoming force, the greater equilibrium

what is the effect of how low C of G is and stability?

the lower the C of G, the greater stability

what can movement do for stability?

movement can increase stability (ex: standing on a jet ski)

review linear and angular kinematics notes!

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