Geography Paper 2: Kenya Case Study

Case study for migration topic (rural-urban movement)R

Push factors from rural area

Lack of infrastructure, poor energy security, food insecurity, lack of services, lack of jobs, vulnerability to climate change

Pull factors to urban area

Job opportunities, higher pay, improved quality of life, improved healthcare access

Population of Kibera

250000

Characteristics of homes

Around 12ft x 12ft, home to over 8 people

Electricity coverage of homes in Kibera

20%

Toilet facilities

Latrines (hole in ground) serve over 50 homes

Social issues in Kibera

Major alcohol/drug issues (Changaa), 50% 16-25y.o. pregnant at any time, 50% unemployment rates

Organisers of Kenyan Slum Upgrade Project (KENSUP)

Kenyan Government and UN-Habitat

KENSUP housing successes

Successful relocation of 1200 households from Soweto East slum → Lang’ata suburb, formation of 30 housing co-operatives

Features of KENSUP’s Mavoko Sustainable Neighbourhood Project

462 residential units, commercial centre, nursery and primary school, police presence

KENSUP healthcare solution

Healthcare dispensaries providing contraception, HIV testing, and vaccines

Company behind Mama Poo project

Peepoople - Swedish enterprise

Premise of Mama Poo

Single-use personal toilets that sanitise waste and transform it into nutrient-rich fertilisers

Positives of Mama Poo

Prevents contamination of local environment, reduces “flying toilets” and latrines which reduces spread of disease

Doctors Without Borders initiatives

Emergency care and outpatient treatment, HIV/AIDS care, Tuberculosis treatment, sexual/reproductive health services

Amref Health Africa initiatives

Training community health volunteers, healthcare education and maternal care, focus on preventative care and community outreach

SHOFCO (Shining Hope For Communities) Health Clinic initiatives

General outpatient care, maternal and child services, immunisations, HIV/AIDS care, and integration with SHOFCO clean water, education, emergency ambulance and gender-based violence services