2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

Prokaryotes

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal membrane-bound organelles

domains bacteria and archaea

DNA is in the nucleoid region

generally smaller in size than eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

a multicellular or unicellular organism whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane bound organelles that compartmentalize cellular functions

protists,fungi,animals, and plants

dna is in the nucleus

Endosymbiont Theory

the theory that explains the similarities mitochondria and chloroplasts have to prokaryotic cells

mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from once free-living prokaryotic cells via endosymbiosis(they were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells)

prokaryotic cells became an endosymbiont (cell that lives in another cell)

became one functional organism

Evidence of Endosymbiont Theory

double membrane

ribosomes

circular DNA

capable of functioning on their own