Cell Theory and Basic Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures, organelles, cytoskeleton, ECM, and diseases related to organelle malfunctions.

What is the main premise of Cell Theory?

All living things are composed of cells.

What are prokaryotic cells?

Simple cells that lack a nucleus and organelles.

What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

It selectively allows materials in and out of the cell.

What does the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell contain?

It contains circular DNA, also known as the bacterial chromosome.

What are the components of eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and membrane-bound organelles.

Define organelles.

Membrane-bound compartments that separate chemical reactions in cells.

What is the function of mitochondria?

They generate ATP and have their own DNA, replicating independently.

How do ribosomes function in a cell?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and can be free-floating or attached to rough ER.

What are cytoskeleton microtubules responsible for?

Maintaining cell shape, facilitating organelle movement, and being involved in cell division.

What is the role of tight junctions in cell structures?

Tight junctions seal cells together.

What genetic disorder is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction?

Leigh Syndrome, which causes neurodegeneration due to ATP production failure.

What is the main function of lysosomes?

They contain digestive enzymes for waste processing and recycling macromolecules.

What type of cell junction allows material passage between cells?

Gap junctions.

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of?

Collagen fibers and proteoglycans forming a gel-like matrix.

Describe microfilaments and their function.

Microfilaments (Actin Filaments) are involved in muscle contraction, cell shape changes, and cell motility.