AP World History - Unit 5: Revolutions

Flashcards for AP World History Unit 5: Revolutions

Divine Right

The belief that monarchs were ordained by God to rule.

Social Contract

The idea that governments are formed to meet social and economic needs.

Thomas Hobbes

Believed government should preserve peace and stability through an all-powerful ruler.

John Locke

Argued that men are born equal and the primary role of government is to secure natural rights.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Promoted the idea that society should be organized according to the general will of the people.

Voltaire

Advocated for religious toleration.

Montesquieu

Supported the separation of powers among branches of government.

Adam Smith

Believed an "invisible hand" would regulate the economy if left alone.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Argued that women should have political rights, including voting and holding office.

Cesare Beccaria

Asserted that criminals retain some rights and the state should not practice cruel punishment.

Neoclassical Period

A period in the middle of the 18th century that imitated the style of ancient Greek/Roman architecture.

Revenue Act (1764), Stamp Act (1765), Tea Act (1773)

British laws intended to raise funds for the British government from the American colonizers.

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Colonists dumping imported tea in the harbor to protest the Tea Act.

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense, encouraging colonists to form a better government than the monarchy.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Adopted by the National Assembly in 1789, causing significant changes in French government structure.

Maximilien Robespierre

Led the Committee of Public Safety, which enforced the revolution and murdered anti-revolutionaries.

Napoleonic Codes (1804)

Recognized equality of men and dissolved the Holy Roman Empire.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting to maintain balance of power among powers of Europe and erase changes from French Revolution.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian revolt against French enslavers.

Simón Bolívar

Helped South American colonies declare independence from Spain.

José de San Martin

Led Argentinian, Chilean, and Peruvian armies to declare independence from Spain.

Miguel Hidalgo

A priest who led a revolt against Spanish rule in Mexico in 1810.

Neocolonialism

Independent nations still controlled by economic and political interests.

Charles Darwin

Developed the theory of natural selection.

Flying shuttle

Sped up waving process.

Spinning jenny

Spinning vast amounts of thread.

Cotton gin

Processed massive amounts of cotton quickly.

Steam engine

Invented by Thomas Newcomer and James Watt.

Adam Smith

Advocated for capitalism and laissez-faire economics.

Karl Marx

Authored The Communist Manifesto and laid foundations for socialism and communism.

Luddites

Workers who destroyed equipment to protest working conditions.

Factory Act of 1883

Limited hours of each workday, restricted children from working, and made factory conditions safer.

Count Camillo Cavour

Prime Minister of Sardinia who pushed for Italian nationalism.

Otto von Bismarck

Prime Minister of Prussia who helped create the new German Empire.

Alexander II

Romanov czar who began reforms, including the Emancipation Edict.

Alexander III

Started Russification, forcing people to learn Russian and convert to Russian Orthodoxy.