HASS exam politics content year 9

How have social media and AI influenced political issues, specifically regarding COVID-19?

Social media spread COVID false information (e.g., about vaccines, lockdowns) and encouraged ignoring health advice. AI tools tracked virus hotspots and health messages but raised privacy concerns (e.g., facial recognition for quarantine). Conflicting online messages led to distrust in government and reduced public support for health measures.

How have social media and AI influenced political issues, specifically regarding illegal gambling?

Influencers promoted illegal online gambling, exposing young people and increasing addiction risk. AI-generated content and targeted ads made gambling seem appealing. This led to influencers being fined, and the government considered stricter laws to protect young Australians.

What are the key principles of Australia’s electoral system in a democratic society?

1. Universal suffrage

2. Secret ballot

3. Compulsory voting

4. Fixed or maximum terms for parliament

5. One vote, one value

6. Combinations of single-member and multi-member electorates

7. Preferential voting and proportional representation

Define 'Democracy' and provide an Australian example.

Democracy is a political system where governing power rests with the people, who regularly elect leaders and influence laws.

Eg. Australia holds federal elections every three years; all citizens 18+ must vote under a transparent system supporting democratic participation.

What are 'Democratic Values' and provide examples.

Democratic values are the fundamental beliefs and ideals that underpin a democratic society. They guide the behavior of governments and citizens to ensure fairness, freedom, and respect for all.

Examples:

• Freedom of speech: The right to express ideas freely, promoting open dialogue.
• Free press: Independent journalism that informs and holds power accountable.
• Equality: Equal rights and opportunities for all, ensuring justice.
• Justice: Fair laws and institutions protecting everyone’s rights equally.
• Respect: Valuing diversity to foster harmony and understanding.

Explain the 'Westminster System' and its key components.

The Westminster System is a democratic parliamentary government from the UK, featuring a constitutional monarchy, a sovereign parliament, and an executive led by the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

Components:

• Monarch/Governor-General: Constitutional head of state representing the Monarch, performing ceremonial duties, granting royal assent, and ensuring constitutional governance.
• Prime Minister & Cabinet: Executive branch leading government operations, making policy decisions, and managing departments.
• Parliament: Legislative branch with the House and Senate, responsible for making laws, overseeing government, and representing Australians.

Define 'Justice' and its key elements in a democratic society.

Justice is the principle of moral rightness and fairness, ensuring that all individuals are treated equally and fairly under the law, with access to protection and due process.

Key Elements:

• Rule of Law: Laws apply equally to everyone, ensuring that no individual is above the law and that governance is based on clear, established legal principles.
• Fair Courts: An independent judiciary system that guarantees impartial hearings and decisions, free from political influence or bias.
• Legal Rights: Protection from arbitrary treatment through established rights and procedures, ensuring every person receives fair treatment under the law.

What does 'Participation' mean in a democratic context, and provide examples.

Participation means actively engaging in civic and community life to influence decisions and strengthen democracy.

Examples:

• Voting in Elections: Vote to shape laws and government policies.
• Community Engagement: Volunteer and join groups to support your community.
• Public Debate: Discuss issues to encourage accountability and critical thinking.
• Student Voice: Student Councils empower leadership and improve school life.

Define 'Rights' and 'Responsibilities' and list examples for each in a democracy.

1. Rights: Freedoms and protections granted to citizens.
   • Free education: Quality public schooling at no cost.
   • Healthcare access: Right to medical care.
   • Fair treatment: Equal protection under law.
   • Freedom of belief: Practice personal beliefs.
   • Freedom of speech: Express opinions publicly.
   • Right to vote: Participate in elections.
   • Privacy rights: Protect personal information.
2. Responsibilities: Duties citizens are expected to uphold.
   • Obey laws: Ensure order and safety.
   • Vote in elections: Influence government.
   • Serve on juries: Support the justice system.
   • Respect others: Value diversity and dignity.
   • Stay informed: Follow current events.
   • Pay taxes: Fund community services.
   • Protect environment: Preserve resources.

Outline the function of political parties in Australia.

Political parties are groups sharing common beliefs about how a country should be run. Their main function is to:

• Represent viewpoints of different demographics of society.
• Develop policies reflecting their beliefs.
• Contest elections to form a government.
• Give voters choices and organise government operations.
• Provide leadership (e.g., Prime Minister, key ministers).
• Allow minor parties and independents to influence decision-making and represent local/specific issues.