2 1649-60. The quest for political stability 1649-60?- Political 2

Military involvement in politics and the failure to find a consitutional settlement

When did the Civil War end?

1646

What had emerged between Parliament and the Army?

Division

What had parliament abolished?

Bishops

What did Parliament propse to Charles?

A proposal at Newcastle in 1646

How does Charles respond to Parliamenta offer?

Delays it

What did the Scots do to Charles in 1647?

Give him back to parliament

What did Parliament propse regarding hte army?

Reduce them

What did Parliament grant the armry in 1647?

Arrears pay

Who siezed the king in 1647 June

Cornet Joyce

What did the Army present the King in August 1647?

Heads of Proposals (triennial act, parliament control army)

What occured at the Putney debates?

A debate between army leaders and levellers presented The Agreement of the People to army leaders (doesn’t lead to anything due to Charles escape)

When did Charles escape to the Isle of Wight?

October of 1647

What is the final straw for Charles in December of 1647?

Signs a secret Agreement with the scots

When does the 2nd Civil war start ?

1648 when the Scots enter England

Who defeats the Scots?

Cromwell at Preston

What do the Army present to Parliament in November of 1648?

Remonstrance

Who tries to negotiate with Charles?

Parliament

What was Prides pruge?

Rids Parliament of any moderates leaving a ''rump’’ parliament of 210 Mps

When was prides purge

1648

Consequence of the Prides purge?

Parliament doest represent everyone and now basically a puppet for the army

When was Charles I executed?

January 1649 (couldnt happen without Rump)

What do Scotland do post Charles I execution?

Declare Charles II King of Scotland

What was the first task of the Rump?

Restore stability

Calm the fears of the men of property

Who do the Rump abolish March 1649?

Monarchy

House of Lords

What do the Rumps sell in April 1649

Crown lands to raise money

What Happens May 1649?

Leveller mutiny

What does Cromwell do in 1649?

Massacres many Catholics at Drogheda and Wexford (revenge for Irish support of Monarch)

How does Rump raise money?

‘Monthly assesement (similar to ship money)

How many acts does Rump pass in first year?

125

Overall was Rump sucessful in first year

YES

passed many acts

removed the King

abolihed long standing insutitions such as monarch and house of lords

NO

had to quash rebellions

had to find money

and so less productive in finding a settlement (army still very much in control)

What act passed in 1650 as a result of Ranters?

Blasphemy act (imprisoning ranters)

What act contrary to Blasphemy act is passed in 1650?

Toleration Act (not compulsory to attend national church)

What oath do adults have to swear in 1650?

One to the republic by all adult Males

What Act creating more equality is passed in 1650?

Adultery Act

In september 1650 who is defeated and where?

Scots by Cromwell at Dunbar

What acts did the Rump pass in 1651

1. Navigation Act

2. Act for Sale of Royalists land

Who is improsened in 1651?

Ranter leaders

What did the Rump establish in attempt to investigate legal reforms?

Hale Commision

Was the Hale Comission Sucessful?

No (conservative resistance and lack of political support)

Who is defeated in September 1651?

Charles II by Cromwell

Was the Rump Sucessful at the end of 1651?

YES

Looking for settlement

Still in power

NO

Not found a settlement

Still having to quash royalit uprisingds

What war begins in 1652?

Anglo Dutch war

How many acts does the Rump pass in 1652?

Only 51

(becoming less effective as time goes on)

What does cromwell do to the Rump in 1653?

Dissolves it

What replaces the Rump in 1653?

Barebones Parliament (nominated assembly)

How many MPs are in the Barebones parliament?

140

What acts does the Nominated assembly pass?

Marriage acts legalising civil marriages

To register birth, marriage and death

What did Major General John Lambert produce in 1653?

Instrument of government

What does the Instrument of government offer?

New constitution and makes Cromwell Lord Protector

How is political instability demonstrated in 1653?

In one year changed from Rump—> Barebones—→ Instrument of government

What type of parliament occured in 1654?

First protectorate Parliament forcing MPs to sign a recognitiion of the instrument og government or resign

How many Mps resigned as a result of the Instrument of government?

100

How many members were involved in the single chamber of the first protectorate?

460

Was there freedom of religion in 1654?

YES except for Catholics

How many ordinances were issues in 1654

84 (against blasphemy and drunkenness)

What did Cromwell remain head of in 1654 and what did this demonstrate?

New model army

The involvement of the army within politics

What did the Nominated assembly want the army to do?

Refused a tax to support the army and call for a reduction for 30,000

What ended in 1654?

First anglo dutch war

What does Cromwell do in 1655?

Dissolved the First protectorate

What does John Penruddock do in 1655 and what does this cause Cromwell to realise?

A royalist uprising and cromwell realises he needs more control over the country

What did Cromwell implemet to control the country? in 1655

Rule of Major Generals

How is country rules under Major Generals rule?

Split into 11 districts

What do the Major Generals issue?

Moral order

What is banned under a moral order?

Stage Plays

Horse Racing

Christmas

What did Cromwell bring the army down to in 1655?

40,000

What does Cromwell need at the end of 1655?

Money meaning a need for a new parliament

In 1655 what came to an end?

Rule of Major Generals

What protectorate was opened based on broad franchise?

2nd protectorate

Why was James Naylar arrested in 1656?

He was a Quaker which rode through Bristol naked on a donkey reanacting Jesus (Cromwell prevented his execution due to religious toleration- flogged instead)

What was abandoned in 1657?

Instrement of government

Rule of major generals

What was presented to Cromwell in 1657?

The Humble Petition and Advice

What is offered to Cromwell in 1657?

The crown

Why does cromwell reject the crown?

Recieved pressure from the army
Hypocritical

What is cromwell instead known as due to refusing the crown?

Lord protector for a second time

What was restablished in 1657?

New house of Lords

In 1658 what does cromwell dissolve

Second protectorate

Who does Cromwell nominate as his sucessor in 1658?

His son Richard

In 1659 what is summoned?

Third Protectorate

What does the thrid protectorate try in 1659?

Attack the army

Restrict the religious freedom

What happens to the 3rd protectorate as a result?

Dissolved

What does Richard Cromwell do in 1659?

Resigns

What do the army leaders do as a result of Richards resign?

Restore the rump then dissolve the Rump

Why is the rump eventually restored?

General Moncks intverention

In 1660 what does General Monch do to the rump?

Recalls the Mps excluded in 1648 restoring the Long parliament on the condition it dissolved itself and called new elections

What parliament is assembled as a result in 1660?

The convention parliament

What do the convention parliament vote for?

King, Lords and commons

Who does Charles Stuart return as in 1660?

Charles II