biotin food sources
Sunflower seeds, salmon, peanuts, chicken, liver, milk, mushrooms, strawberries
TCA cycle and is a coenzyme
Biotin is critical in _
no
does biotin have UL or any toxicity
deficiency of biotin
rare; except for too many raw eggs
panothenic acid is found in
organ meats, egg yolk, avocados, cashew, nuts and peanuts, brown rice, soy, lentils, broccoli, milk
pantothenic acid is lost in food processing
freezing, refining, heating, canning
no, also no toxicity or UL
is pantothenic acid deficiency common?
vitamin c is found in..
citrus fruits (oranges, lemons), tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, and strawberries
vitamin C
what vitamin Defends against free radicals, and can help in preventing colds/ diseases..
200 mg
vitamin c Absorption maximum
deficiency of vitamin C
Stress increases vitamin C needs
− Smoking
• Enhances iron absorption
-scurvy – gums bleed, sudden death
Supplementation side effects- diarrhea /GI stress
2000 mg/day
UL of vitamin C
A
vitamin _ can cause death in toxic amounts
yes
is toxicity high in Vitamin A
calcium absorption, bone growth
vitamin D helps with..
E
UL is 65 times greater than recommended intake for adults - vitamin __
K
Extremely high doses of vitamin E may interfere with vitamin _ activity
no
toxicity of vitamin k is not common, is there an UL?
no vitamin K producing bacteria
infants have a sterile gut because..
vitamin E deficiency
Primary deficiency is rare
-Secondary deficiency
-Fat malabsorption
Effects of deficiency-
Red blood cells break open
Oxidation of PUFAs
Neuromuscular dysfunction
vitamin b12
folate depends on _ to activate