ANS 1119 LAB

What are some things we can look for visually to differentiate animals?

1. color

2. size

3. anatomy

4. patterns

Cattle

A bovine or group of bovine of any sex or age

What does the cattle industry provide?

beef and dairy

Cow

Female bovine that has given birth to a calf

Bull

Intact male bovine used for breeding

Heifer

a female bovine that has never given birth

Steer

a castrated male bovine

Swine

generic term for porcine

What does the swine industry produce?

pork/bacon

Hog

adult swine over 120 lbs

Pig

a young porcine under 120 lbs

Boar

intact male porcine

Sow

female porcine that has given birth

Barrow

castrated male porcine

Gilt

a female porcine that has never given birth

What do humans get from horses?

recreation/pleasure

Stallion

a mature, intact male horse

Mare

a mature female horse

Foal

a newborn horse of either sex

Filly

young female horse under 4 years old

Colt

a young male horse under 4 years old

Gelding

castrated male horse

What products does the poultry industry provide?

eggs + meat

Pullet

a young female chicken

Broiler

any chicken bred & raised for meat production

Rooster

a mature, male chicken a yr old or older

Hen

mature female chicken/turkey

Poult

baby turkey

Tom

male turkey

Sheep

ovine term

Lamb

baby sheep under yr old

What products do we get from sheep production?

Wool + meat

Ewe

female sheep that has given birth

Ram/Buck

male, intact sheep/goat

Wether

castrated male sheep/goat

Ewe Lamb

female baby sheep under yr old that has never given birth

Goat

caprine term

Kid

baby goat under yr old

What can humans utilize goats for?

goat milk

Doe

female goat that has given birth

Buck

male, intact goat

Ear Tags

1. multiple species

2. in ear

3. diff types of ear tags include - electronic, biometrics, & GPS

2 Types of Branding

hot branding

freeze branding

Hot Branding

• steel/iron

• identification

• damages hide

• ownershi

• hip, rib, thigh, shoulder

• right temp

• steady - only apply once

Freeze Branding

• for identification

• copper is used

Tattoos

1. inside of ear

2. used in sheeps, goats, pigs, cattle, rabbits

Marks

1. ownership marks/individual

2. ear notching

Castration

removal of testicles

Purpose of Castration

1. improves tenderness, distribution of fat increases, avoids gross flavor or odor

2. reduces aggression

3. prevents unwanted pregnancies

4. 
   

Who castrates livestock?

1. most livestock will be castrated by producer (not horses)

2. horses are castrated by the vet

Surgical Method of Castration

1. physical removal of testes and severing of spermatic cord

2. tools: emasculator, scalpel, knife

Bloodless Method of Castration

1. crushing spermatic cord

2. tools used: emasculatome or elastic band

Emasculator Tool

Simultaneously crush and cut the spermatic cord to prevent bleeding

Emasculatome

1. crushes spermatic cord while in scrotum - no open wounds

2. tool is used 2 inches above testicles

3. each cord on at a time

4. hold for 30 secs

Which castration method to use?

depends on species & age

Cons of Castration Methods

1. infection risk

2. failure risk

3. painful