Combined Medical Services Medical Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering medical conditions, diagnostic terms, and surgical procedures extracted from the Combined Medical Services (CMS) examination papers.

Jatropha curcas

A plant used for the production of bio-diesel often discussed in national news.

Kerley B Lines

A radiological feature seen in the chest X-ray of a patient indicative of heart failure.

Pulsus paradoxus

A clinical state observed in conditions such as pericardial tamponade, acute severe asthma, and massive pulmonary embolism.

Kartagener's syndrome

A condition characterized by a triad of bronchiectasis, ciliary dyskinesia, and situs inversus.

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

A respiratory condition distinguished from cardiogenic pulmonary oedema by a normal pulmonary arterial pressure.

Type 4 Renal tubular acidosis

A specific renal condition in which hyperkalemia is characteristically observed.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

A vestibular disorder characterized by fatigability, habituation, and latency, but not by good reproducibility.

Cluster headache

A deep, excruciating pain limited to one side of the head, often awakening the patient from sleep and associated with tearing and reddening of the eye.

von Willebrand's factor

A blood glycoprotein synthesized in the vascular endothelium and megakaryocytes.

Imatinib

The first-line drug therapy used specifically for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone)

A metabolic disorder characterized by low serum sodium, low-normal plasma urea, and high plasma osmolality.

Gancyclovir

The drug of choice for treating CMV (Cytomegalovirus) Retinitis in patients suffering from AIDS.

Enthesitis

Inflammation occurring at the site of tendinous or ligamentous insertion into the bone.

Tumor lysis syndrome

A clinical condition characterized by hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia, but not hypercalcemia.

Alport syndrome

A genetic disorder characterized by progressive renal insufficiency, episodes of painless haematuria, and progressive deafness.

Keshan disease

A condition associated with abnormalities in selenium metabolism (though the transcript incorrectly implies copper in a question option distracter, it is listed in the context of trace element metabolism abnormalities).

Erythema infectiosum

The most common clinical manifestation associated with Human Parvovirus $B19$ infection.

HACEK group

A group of fastidious gram-negative bacteria, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Kingella kingae, known to cause endocarditis.

Wernicke's encephalopathy

A triad of symptoms including mental impairment, ophthalmoplegia, and cerebellar ataxia.

Triage

The process of classifying the injured during a mass disaster based on the severity of injuries to treat those first who are likely to survive with medical intervention.

"a" wave

The component of the jugular venous pulse waveform produced by atrial systole.

Golden rice

A transgenic variety of rice with a distinct golden color due to the presence of $\beta\text{-carotene}$.

Southampton grading system

A scoring system utilized to assess the severity of wound infections, particularly useful for surveillance and research.

Raynaud's disease

An idiopathic condition commonly affecting women where exposure to cold precipitates vasoconstriction, often involving lower extremity involvement symmetrically.

CEAP classification

A clinical classification system for chronic venous disorders encompassing Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological findings.

Anderson-Hynes operation

A surgical procedure performed to correct pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction.

Rasmussen's aneurysm

A dilated vessel specifically found within a tuberculous cavity in the lung.

Mondor’s disease

Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and anterior chest wall.

Apgar score

A clinical assessment for newborns comprising parameters including color, muscle tone, heart rate, and respiratory rate.

Austin Flint murmur

A diastolic murmur heard at the apex in cases of severe aortic regurgitation.