criminology unit 4

The police work with probation and prison services, sharing information with other agencies to assess and manage violent and sexual offenders in order to protect the public from harm.

Relationship between the police and MAPPA (Multi-agency public protection arrangements)

1.Ensure defendants are in police custody before court./

2. Police attend court to give evidence./
3. Police apply to the courts for search and arrest warrants./

Relationship between the police and the courts

Break the terms of release and must return to prison

Licence

The police seek advice from the CPS on the charging of suspects. Both agencies work together in the prosecuting of offenders. The CPS offers the police 'CPS Direct' - a 24 hour advice line.

Relationship between the police and CPS

1. First reading/
2. Second reading/
3. Committee stage/
4. Report stage/
5. Third reading/
6. Royal assent/

How are laws made?

the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation

statutory interpretation

Both agencies work together in the management of an offender. This includes sharing of information and attending meetings.

Relationship between the police and probation.

A proposed law

Bill

discuss the pros and cons of an issue

Debate

Law

Statute

decisions of courts have value as precedent for future cases similarly circumstanced

Judicial precedent

Assist with arrangements to ensure that those arrested sentenced to custody are taken there. Police will arrest a prisoner if they are recalled on licence and must return to prison.

Relationship between the police and the HM Prison service

1. Seriousness of the crime
2. Harm caused to the victim
3. Offender's level of blame
4. Previous convictions of the offender
5. Personal circumstances of the offender, including a guilty plea

What does the judiciary take into account in order to decide a fair sentence?

Crime control model

What model shows:

• Quick and efficient disposal of cases
• Zero tolerance approach
• Assembly line or conveyor belt
• Right realism theory of criminality
• Punish criminals and stop them committing further crimes
• Deter crime through detection and conviction
• Protect rights of victims
• Enhanced police powers?

Due process model

Which model shows:

• Presumption of innocence
• Produce fairness
• Promote the defendant's rights
• Limit official oppression of the individual
• Legislation that should produce obstacles to ensure a fair conviction
• Left realism theory of criminality
• A caring and equal society creates justice?

Prison Reform Trust

Which charity aims to improve the prison system?

1. Traditions
2. Upbringing
3. Religion
4. Conscience
5. Rational ideology
6. Internalisation of social rules

What are examples of internal forms of social control?

These are the thoughts and views that we have of crime, linking to our morals and conscience.

What is internal social control?

Social Learning theory

Which theory from Unit 2 links to internal social control?

1. Police
2. Parents
3. Teachers
4. Judges
5. Magistrates
6. Traffic wardens
7. Prisons
8. Religious leaders
9. Security staff
10. CCTV

What are examples of external social control?

External controls are outside influences which make us follow the rules and not commit crime. They persuade or compel us to conform to the rules.

What is external social control?

This is the idea that people do not commit criminal or deviant acts because there are factors that control their behaviour and desire or impulse to break the rules.

What is control theory?

Walter C. Reckless and Travis Hirschi

Which theorists relate to the control theory?

1. Retribution
2. Deterrence
3. Rehabilitation
4. Public protection
5. Reparation

What are the aims of punishment?

Retributions are not punishments for punishment's sake, but are the desire to ensure that the offender is adequately punished and doesn't commit crime any more.

What is retribution?

Rehabilitation aims to change the offender and make them use their free will, or their own mind so they do not want to commit crime, but rather conform to the rules of society.

What is rehabilitation?

Trying to dissuade the offender with both general and individual fear of punishment

What is deterrence?

Keeping society safe from dangerous people.

What is public protection?

Providing compensation for the crime or repairing the wrong done.

What is reparation?

Reinforcing rules, including moral and ethical ideas, to show that society does not agree with a certain act and will not tolerate it.

What is denunciation?

Social learning theory

Which theory from Unit 2 links to deterrence?

Right realism

Which theory from Unit 2 links to public protection?

Left realism

Which theory from Unit 2 links to reparation?

Functionalism

Which theory from Unit 2 links to denunciation?

1. Retribution
2. Rehabilitation
3. Deterrence
4. Public protection/ incapacitation
   5.Denunciation

What are the aims of imprisonment?

• Community payback (Unpaid work for 40-300 hours)
• Treatment and programs (To help with addictions and mental health issues)
• Restrictions (Such as a curfew, electronic tag or residence condition)

What are examples of community sentences?

• Police
• CPS
• Judiciary
• Prisons
• Probation Service
• Charities and pressure groups

What are the different agencies in the criminal justice system?