Sports Medicine - PDHPE

Direct vs indirect injury

Direct injury - injury sustained at the site of external force e.g. hit by a ball gave the person a black eye

Indirect injury - injury sustained from an internal force e.g. fall onto arm but injury is on your shoulder

Soft vs hard tissue

Soft tissue - muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin, organs etc

Hard tissue - skeleton and teeth

RICER (treating acute soft tissue injury)

1. Rest

2. Ice

3. Compression

4. Elevation

5. Referral

DRABCD (first aid)

• Danger

• Response

• Airway

• Breathing

• CPR

• Defibrillation

Sprain

Torn ligament (bone-to-bone tissue)

Strain

Overstretched or torn muscle or tendon (muscle-to-bone tissue)

Contusion

Bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels from direct impact.

Abrasion

Scrape or graze from skin

Laceration

Deep cut or tear in the skin

TOTAPS (assessing sports injuries)

1. Talk

2. Observe

3. Touch

4. Active movement

5. Passive movement

6. Skills test

Type 1 Diabetes management

• Eat before and after sports events

• Access to sugary foods and drinks

• Supervision

Epilepsy management

• medication

• Supervision

Overuse injury management

• supervision

• Stop movements

• Conjunction with health professionals

Thermoregulation management

• Access to shade

• Remove unnecessary clothing

• Sponge with cool water

• Give water to drink

• Seek medical aid

Female athletes

• eating disorders (anorexia)

• iron deficiency (amenorrhea)

• bone density (osteoporosis)

And pregnancy

What are modified rules for children in sports?

• ball sizes

• Field sizes

• Duration of competition

• Smaller distances

• Closer and smaller goals

Sports policies for children

• matching opponents by skill, growth, and sex

• Using appropriate protective equipment

• Safe grounds, equipment and facilities

• Modified rules to ensure safety

What does taping and bandaging do?

Helps in the prevention and management of injury by reducing the range of motion at a joint.

Temperature regulation

• convection - heat gained from warm air rising from ground

• conduction - heat gained by contact is ground is hotter (reverse can happen)

• evaporation - transfer of heat from our body to water

• radiation - the transfer of internal energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

Climatic conditions

• temperature

• humidity

• wind

• rain

• altitude

• pollution

Adult and aged athletes

• heart conditions

• fractures/bone density

• flexibility/joint mobility