AP GOV UNIT 5
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40 Terms
Q: What did the 15th Amendment do?
A: It extended suffrage to African-American men.
Q: What did the 17th Amendment establish?
A: The direct popular election of U.S. Senators by the people.
Q: What voting rights did the 19th Amendment grant?
A: It extended suffrage to women.
Q: What did the 24th Amendment abolish?
A: Poll taxes in federal elections.
Q: How did the 26th Amendment change voting rights?
A: It lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
Q: What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
A: A law that made it easier for African-Americans to vote by eliminating barriers like literacy tests and poll taxes.
Q: What does the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (Motor Voter Act) do?
A: It allows people to register to vote when applying for or renewing their driver’s license.
Q: What are the four types of voting behavior?
A:
Rational-Choice Voting: Voting based on self-interest.
Retrospective Voting: Voting based on a candidate’s past performance.
Prospective Voting: Voting based on a candidate’s future promises.
Party-Line Voting: Voting for all members of one political party.
Q: What is voter turnout?
A: The number of registered voters who actually vote in an election.
Q: What is compulsory voting?
A: Laws that require citizens to register and vote in elections.
Q: What is political efficacy?
A: The belief that one’s vote matters and can influence government policy.
Q: What are presidential elections?
A: Elections held every four years to elect the President and Vice President.
Q: What are midterm elections?
A: Elections for Congress are held in the middle of a President’s term.
Q: What are demographics?
A: Characteristics of a population used to study voting trends and behavior.
Q: What is a political party?
A: An organization of people with similar ideologies that influences public policy through elected officials.
Q: What are linkage institutions?
A: Organizations or processes that connect the people to the government and influence the political agenda.
Q: What is campaign finance?
A: Funds raised to support political candidates, parties, or positions, regulated by laws.
Q: What are candidate-centered campaigns?
A: Campaigns focused on a candidate’s personality and agenda rather than their political party.
Q: What is a critical election?
A: An election that leads to a major party realignment, where supporters of one party may switch to another.
Q: What is the difference between dealignment and realignment?
A:
Dealignment: Individuals lose loyalty to their party and become independents.
Realignment: Voters switch their preference from one political party to another.
Q: What is a PAC (Political Action Committee)?
A: An organization representing an interest group or corporation that raises money to support candidates or causes.
Q: What is a Super PAC?
A: An independent expenditure-only committee that can raise unlimited funds but cannot coordinate with candidates.
Q: What is a third party?
A: A minor political party that rarely wins elections but draws attention to specific issues.
Q: What is an independent candidate?
A: A candidate who runs for office without formal affiliation to a political party.
Q: What are the three types of electoral systems?
A:
Proportional System: Legislative seats are awarded based on the percentage of votes received.
Two-Party System: Two major parties dominate elections.
Winner-Take-All System: The candidate with the most votes wins.
Q: What is the “free rider” problem?
A: When individuals benefit from a service without contributing time or money.
Q: What is an interest group?
A: A group of people with shared interests that attempts to influence policy.
Q: What is the iron triangle?
A: A mutually beneficial relationship between congressional committees, the federal bureaucracy, and interest groups.
Q: What is lobbying?
A: The act of seeking to influence politicians on a specific issue.
Q: What is the difference between a closed primary and an open primary?
A:
Closed Primary: Limited to registered party voters.
Open Primary: Open to all voters, regardless of party affiliation.
Q: What is a caucus?
A: A meeting of party members to choose nominees for political office.
Q: What is the Electoral College?
A: A system where electors chosen by states formally vote for the President based on state election results.
Q: What is an incumbent?
A: A current officeholder who is running for re-election.
Q: What is the general election?
A: An election where candidates compete to win public office.
Q: What was the ruling in Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?
A: Political spending is a form of free speech protected under the First Amendment.
Q: What did the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain-Feingold Act) do?
A: It banned soft money and required ads to include the "I approve this message" provision.
Q: What is soft money?
A: Money spent on a campaign indirectly, such as funding ads rather than direct donations to candidates.
Q: What is “horse race” journalism?
A: Media coverage that focuses on polling data and who is ahead rather than candidates’ policies.
Q: What is investigative journalism?
A: In-depth reporting that uncovers issues or secrets over a long period of time.
Q: What is the role of the media in politics?
A: The media draws public attention to issues, influences public opinion, and shapes political agendas.