Cerebral Cortex and Limbic System

What is in the forebrain?

telencephalon and diencephalon

what is in the midbrain?

mesencephalon

what is in the hindbrain?

metencephalon, mylencephalon

What is in the telencephalon / cerebrum?

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia

what is in the diancephalon?

thalamus and hypothalamus

What is located in the midbrain?

cerebral aqueduct

what is located in the hindbrain?

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

The reticular formation is found throughout the

midbrain, pons, medulla

What does the reticular formation control?

cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes

gray matter forms the outer surface of

cerebrum

the surface of the cerebrum is characterized by _______ and _________ organized into _____

convolutions, grooves, lobes

What areas are in the frontal lobe?

prefrontal, premotor, primary motor, broca speech

the prefrontal area is involved with?

goal oriented behavior, short term memory, inhibition of limbic system

the premotor area is in involved with?

programming of motor movements, part of extra pyramidal system

the primary motor area is involved with?

upper (alpha) motor neurons, precentral gyrus

are cell bodies located randomly?

no

Where is the number of upper motor neurons high?

head, hands

the primary somatic motor area and the primary somatic sensory area are separated by

central sulcus

the primary visual cortex receives input from the

retina

what lies below the lateral sulcus?

primary auditory cortex and its association area

what is the Wernicke area responsible for?

reception and interpretation of speech

dysfunction of the Wernicke area causes

aphasia / dysphasia

what connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

corpus callosum

the corpus collosum consists of fibers from the

internal capsule

The gustatory and olfactory cortexes are

SVA senses

are all basal ganglia in the telencephalon

no

what does the basal ganglia include

corpus striatum, amygdala, subthalamic nucleus (diencephalon), substantia nigra (mesencephalon)

what does the corpus striatum consist of?

lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus

what does the lentiform nucleus include?

putamen and globus pallidus

Ganglia plus connections with thalamus, premotor cortex, red nucleus, reticular formation, and spinal cord does what to motor movements

fine tunes

what does the limbic system consist of?

papez system, septal area, hypothalamic autonomic muclei

What does the papez system include?

amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, mamillary bodies of hypothalamus, thalamus, and cingulate cortex

What controls circadian rhythm?

hypothalamus

what is under the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus?

amygdaloid body

what is close to the amygdaloid body?

hippocampus

Why is it important that the olfactory bulb and amygdaloid body interconnected?

shows how smells can influence an emotional response

what are the 4 divisions of the diancephalon?

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus

what is the major integrative center for sensory input?

thalamus excluding olfaction

what does the hypothalamus do?

maintains constant internal environment, regulates behavior,

control of autonomic function originates in the

hypothalamus

what is in the mesencephalon?

corpora quadrigemina, tectum, inferior and superior colliculi, tegmentum, basis pedunculi

The red nucleus is the

major motor output center controlled by cerebellum

the substantia nigra is the

motor output center that synthesizes dopamine

what does the basis pedunculi consist of?

efferent fibers of corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticoopontinecerebellar tracts

what is in the metencephalon?

cerebellum and pons

what does the cerebellum do?

integrates visual, vestibular, proprioceptive information

what are the connections associated with cerebellum?

spinal cord, medulla, midbrain structures, cerebral cortex

what does the pons do?

transmits information from cerebral cortex to cerebellum, controls respiration

what is in the myelencephalon?

medulla oblongata

what does the medulla oblongata control?

reflex activities, including heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, vomiting

what is the medulla oblongata the site of?

decussation of major motor pathways