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Alfred Adler
A Neo-Freudian who emphasized parenting styles and the inferiority complex.
Mary Ainsworth
Studied early emotional attachment through "The Strange Situation" experiment.
Gordon Allport
Classified personality traits into cardinal, central, and secondary traits.
Albert Bandura
Conducted the Bobo doll study, explaining social learning theory.
Aaron Beck
Father of cognitive therapy, known for the cognitive triad of depression.
Alfred Binet
Developed the first widely used intelligence test and the IQ formula.
Paul Broca
Discovered Broca's area, linked to speech production.
Raymond Cattell
Identified 16 personality traits using factor analysis.
Noam Chomsky
Proposed the theory of universal grammar in linguistics.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Created the forgetting curve, showing the exponential nature of forgetting.
Paul Ekman
Studied facial expressions and identified six universal emotions.
Albert Ellis
Founded rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) to challenge irrational beliefs.
Erik Erikson
Known for psychosocial development stages based on Freud's theories.
Hans Eysenck
Proposed two dimensions of personality:extraversion and neuroticism.
Sigmund Freud
Father of psychoanalysis, introduced concepts like the unconscious mind and psychosexual stages.
Solomon Asch
Known for experiments on conformity, demonstrating the influence of group pressure on behavior.
Phineas Gage
Case study showing brain damage's effect on personality.
Howard Gardner
Developed the theory of multiple intelligences, opposing general intelligence.
Carol Gilligan
Criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development as male-centered.
Francis Galton
Studied nature vs. nurture, emphasizing genetics.
Daniel Goleman
known for emotional intelligence theory, EQ’s importance
Harry Harlow
studied attachment in monkeys, emphasizing contact comfort
Ernest Hilgard
researched hypnosis, proposed the “hidden observer” theory
karen horney
focused on parental indifference and neurosis
William James
emphasized the functional approach to psychology
William James and Carl-Lange
Proposed James-Lange theory of emotion
Carl Jung
believed in the collective unconscious and studied persona
Garcia and Koelling
discovered taste aversion
Lawrence Kohlberg
developed stages of moral development theory
Elizabeth Loftus
studied false memory formation and misinformation effect
Konrad Lorenz
studied imprinting in animals
Abraham Maslow
Founded humanistic psychology and proposed hierarchy of needs
Stanley Milgram
conducted obedience experiments, showing the power of authority
Ivan Pavlov
Discovered classical conditioning with experiments on dogs
Jean Piaget
defined stages of cognitive development in children
carl rogers
developed client centered therapy, emphasizing self-concept
Hermann Rorshach
created the Rorshac inkblot test
David Rosenhan
conducted the “insanity” experiment in mental hospitals
Martin Seligman
studied learned helplessness and positive psychology
Hans Selye
proposed general adaptation syndrome
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer
developed two-factor theory of emotion
B.F. Skinner
associated with operant conditioning and Skinner box
Charles Spearman
proposed general intelligence theory
Robert Sternberg
distinguished analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
George Sperling
studied iconic sensory memory
Edward L Thorndike
Known for the law of effect in behavioral psychology
Edward Tolman
studied latent learning
John Watson
established behaviorism, conducted “little albert” experiment
Ernst Webber
known for sensation and difference thresholds
Benjamin Whorf
proposed linguistic relativity theory
Wlhelm Wundt
established the first psychology laboratory, focused on introspection
Philip Zimbardo
conducted the Stanford prison experiment, revealing the power of roles