urinary system

Filters blood of urea,metabolites, salts, etc.

What is the urinay systems function?

Osmotic balance, BP, volume, PH

What does the urinary system maintain and regulate ?

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

What 4 structures are part of the urinary system?

Urine

Kidneys filter the blood, which will produce..

Bladder

Ureters take urine to ___ for storage

Consists DICT surrounded by adipose capsule and works to support and protect the kidney

Define fibrous capsule

Nephrons, cortex, medulla

Urine is produced by ___ in the ___ & ___

Have ducts that collect urine from nephrons. & drains urine into minor calyces, houses nephron loop

renal pyramid fun.

House branches of renal artery and vein, allowing blood to to flow to and from nephrons for filtration

Fun. Of renal columns

Gather urine from the collecting ducts of the renal pyramids, moves urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

Fun. Of calyces

Transitional epithelium, smooth muscle

What 2 tissues are found in the ureters?

Renal corpuscle which consists of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule,

What is the filtration unit of a nephron?

Blood, capsular space

The renal corpuscle filters ___ into ___

Pushes water, glucose, and waste out of blood this then becomes filtrate

Glomerulus fun.

Collects filtrate from glomerulus & moves it into the renal tubule

Capsular space fun.

Takes filter away from corpuscle, reabsorbs: H2O, ions, glucose, urea

Secretes: ammonium, meds, H ions

Proximal convoluted tubule

Reabsorption of H2O, Na, & CL

Nephron loop fun.

Reabsorbs Na, Cl, Ca, Bicarbonate, H & secretes K, bicarbonate, H

Distal convoluted tubule fun. (DCT)

Reabsorption of H2O, ions, urea, Secretion of acids and K, Helps concentrate urine,Takes urine from DCT to calyces/pelvis

Collecting duct fun.

Mostly in cortex, most common, filtration and reabsorption of nutrients, produces less concentrated urine

Cortical nephrons fun.

Extend deep into the medulla, produces concentrated urine, has vasa recta around loop

Juxtamedullary nephrons fun.

Work closely with loop of henle in juxtamedullary nephrons to allow for water conservation and concentrated urine especially in dehydrating conditions

Vasa recta fun.

Smooth muscle, during urination it contracts, increasing bladder pressure and pushing urine out through the urethra

Detrusor muscle of urinary bladder is made of___ and what is the fun.?

Transitional epithelium

What tissue lines the lumen of the urinary bladder?

Triangular region between ureter openings and urethral opening, prevents urine backflow

Define trigone & fun.

glucose in urine, Can result in excessive water loss through osmosis

Define Glycosuria

ketone bodies in urine, Usually due to use of fats for energy (like your keto-diet)

Define Ketonuria

WBCs (puss) in urine, Often due to UTI or STD

Define Pyuria

mineral salt “stones” in kidney/urine, Genetic or environmental (chronic dehydration, too much protein)

Renal calculi (kidney stones)

inflammatory arthritis due to surplus uric acid in blood, Due to undersecretion of uric acid by kidneys, or a diet too rich in purines

Define gout

Gathers urine from calyces before it moves it to ureter, its shape and smooth muscle lining help regulate urine flow and prevent blockage (kidney stones)

renal pelvis fun.

Long tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage before excretion

Ureters fun.

Temporary storage reservoir for urine

Urinary bladder fun.

Carries urine from the body to the outside of the body during urination

Urethra function

Collects filtrate from glomerulus, prevents large proteins and blood cells from entering the filtrate

Glomerular capsule function

1st step of urine formation, where glomerulus filters blood to remove waste, excess fluids, and small molecules but keeps large proteins and blood cells

Define glomerular filtration

Renal corpuscle

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

Occurs primarily in proximal convoluted tubule, Kidneys reclaim H2O, Glucose, Amino acids, & electrolytes from filtrate and return them back into the bloodstream

Where does it occur & Define tubular reabsorption

Process that mainly occurs in DCT where kidneys actively transport substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules to be eliminated in urine

Define tubular secretion

ADH and Aldosterone

What 2 hormone increase when dehydrated?

glucose in urine, Can result in excessive water loss through osmosis

Glycosuria

ketone bodies in urine, Usually due to use of fats for energy (like your keto-diet)

Ketonuria

WBCs (puss) in urine, Often due to UTI or STD

Pyuria

mineral salt “stones” in kidney/urine, Genetic or environmental (chronic dehydration, too much protein)

Renal calculi (kidney stones)

inflammatory arthritis due to surplus uric acid in blood due to under-secretion of uric acid by kidneys, diet too rich in purines

Gout

Presence of bilirubin in the urine, indicates liver dysfunction

Define bilirubinuria

Presence of blood in the urine, caused by uti, kidney stones, kidney cancer

Define hematuria

Presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine, can indicate kidney disease

Define proteinuria

Supply blood to the renal lobes

Interlobar artery fun.

Supplies blood to cortical radiate arteries

Arcuate artery function

Supplies blood renal cortex

Cortical radiate artery function

It delivers blood from the cortical radiate arteries to the glomerulus

Afferent arteriole

carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration

Efferent arteriole

Reabsorb water, electrolytes, and nutrients from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream, Secrete waste products into the tubules for excretion.

Peritubular capillaries

Bladder

Kidney

Ureter