Aqueous Reactions and Acid-Base Chemistry

Vocabulary flashcards covering ionic solutions, spectator ions, net ionic equations, reaction criteria, and acid-base definitions based on the lecture.

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that produces $H^+$ ions when dissolved in water.

Arrhenius Base

A substance, typically a metal hydroxide, that produces $OH^-$ ions when dissolved in water.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

A substance that acts as a proton donor in a reaction.

Brønsted-Lowry Base

A substance that acts as a proton acceptor in a reaction.

Spectator Ions

Ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a chemical reaction equation and do not directly participate in the chemical change.

Net Ionic Equation

A chemical equation that excludes spectator ions to display only the specific species that undergo a chemical reaction.

Precipitation Reaction

A double displacement reaction in which aqueous reactants combine to form an insoluble solid product called a precipitate.

Halogen Strong Acids

Strong acids formed by halogen elements, specifically $HCl$, $HBr$, and $HI$ (excluding fluorine).

Strong Bases

Hydroxides formed by group 1 alkali metals ($Li$, $Na$, $K$) and select group 2 alkaline earth metals ($Ca$, $Sr$, $Ba$).

Proton ($H^+$)

A hydrogen ion consisting of $1$ proton, $0$ electrons, and $0$ neutrons.

Reaction Criteria in Solution

Four outcomes where at least one must occur for a reaction to proceed: formation of an insoluble solid, formation of water, formation of a gas, or formation of a weak acid or weak base.