Chemical Bonding and Structure

Flashcards covering chemical bonding types, valence electrons, Lewis structures, naming rules, and octet rule exceptions based on the lecture.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed when a metal and a nonmetal combine through the transfer of electrons, resulting in positively charged cations and negatively charged anions attracting each other.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed between nonmetals where valence electrons are shared between atoms within a molecule.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when a metal atom loses electrons easily due to its low ionization energy.

Valence Configuration of Nitrogen

Nitrogen has $5$ valence electrons with an electron configuration of $1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$.

Valence Configuration of Iodine

Iodine is a Group 17 halogen that possesses $7$ valence electrons with a configuration ending in $5s^2 5p^5$.

Nitrogen Triiodide ($NI_3$)

A molecular compound in which one central nitrogen atom shares electrons with three iodine atoms to satisfy all four atoms' valence electron requirements.

Lewis Structure

A structural diagram representing how valence electrons, bonding pairs, and lone pairs are arranged around atoms in a molecule.

Ionic Lattice

A large clumping array of alternating positive and negative charges sticking together due to electrostatic forces.

Nomenclature Prefixes

Prefixes (such as "tri-" in phosphorus trichloride) used to denote the number of atoms in molecular covalent compounds, which are not used when naming ionic compounds like magnesium bromide.

Organic Chemistry

A field of chemistry focused primarily on carbon-based nonmetal molecules and covalent bonding interactions.

Inorganic Chemistry

A branch of chemistry that encompasses the study of metallic bonding and metal compounds.

Octet Rule

The tendency of atoms to gain, lose, or share electrons until they achieve a stable outer shell of $8$ electrons in their full $s$ and $p$ subshells, resembling noble gas configurations.

Boron Octet Exception

A unique exception to the octet rule where boron, having $3$ valence electrons, forms three covalent bonds and remains stable with only $6$ valence electrons.

Expanded Octet

An exception to the octet rule occurring in elements in period $3$ and higher, allowing them to accommodate more than $8$ valence electrons in specific cases.