Him chap 6-7

cyst/o

bladder, sac

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus (opening)

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

bladder, sac

albumin/o

albumin

azot/o

urea, nitrogen

blast/o

developing cell, germ cell

glycos/o

sugar

hem/o

blood

hydr/o

water

lith/o

stone(s), calculus (calculi)

noct/i

night

olig/o

scanty, few

son/o

sound

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

urin/o

urine, urinary tract

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

poly-

many, much

trans-

through, across, beyond

-al

pertaining to

-ary

pertaining to

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-emia

in the blood

-gram

the record, radiographic image

-graphy

the process of recording, radiographic imaging

-ia

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

-iasis

condition

-itis

inflammation

-lith

stone, calculus

-lysis

loosening, dissolution, separating

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor. swelling

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-scope

instrument used for visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-stenosis

constriction or narrowing

-stomy

creating an artificial opening

-tomy

cut into, incision

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-uria

urine, urination

acute kidney injury (AKI)

abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and is usually reversible

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own. Dialysis or kidney transplantation is necessary for survival.

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

hypospadias

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

renal calculus

stone in the kidney

renal hypertention

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

urinary suppression

sudden stoppage of urine formation

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stone(s) in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shockwaves. Stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine. (Also called shock wave lithotripsy SWL)

fulguration

deconstruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)

renal transplant

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

nephrolysis

separating the kidney

KUB

a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location. Also used to identify calculi in the kidney, ureters, or bladder, or to diagnose intestinal obstruction (also called flat plane of the abdomen)

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

test that measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function

creatinine

blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function.

specific gravity (SG)

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

urinalysis (UA)

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen. Visual examination and chemical analysis of a urine specimen provides screening for blood, glucose, protein, and other substances in the urine and offers a picture of overall health

urine culture and sensitivity

test performed on a urine specimen to determine the presence of bacteria and yeast; used to diagnose UTIs

urodynamics

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract. examine the process of voiding and test bladder tone, capacity, and pressure along with urine flow and perineal muscle function

enuresis

involuntary urination

prolapse

displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from its normal position

stricture

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

urinary incontinence

inability to control the bladder causing leakage of urine

diuretic

agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine

hemodialysis (HD)

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

peritoneal dialysis

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

urinary catherization

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

catheter (cath)

flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids

urinal

receptacle for urine

distended

stretched out

electrolytes

minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium that carry an electrolyte charge; necessary for the body to function normally and is maintained by the kidneys

void

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

VCUG

voiding cystourethrogram

VUR

vesicoureteral reflux

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o

testis, testicle

orchi/o

testis, testicle

orchid/o

testis, testicle

prostat/o

prostate gland

sperm/o

sperm; spermatozoon

spermat/o

sperm; spermatozoon

vas/o

vessel, duct; vas deferens

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

crypt/o

hidden

-algia

pain