Musculoskeletal System

tax/o

arrangement, order, coordination

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

ton/o

tone, tension

kinesi/o also kinet/o

movement, motion

fasci/o

fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together)

ten/o , tend/o , tendin/o

tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone)

muscul/o , my/o , myos/o

muscle

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/o

cartilage

tars/o

ankle

femor/o

femur (thighbone)

tibi/o

tibia (shinbone)

tars/o

ankle

cost/o

rib

carp/o

wrist

brachi/o

arm

dactyl/o

finger

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

loin, lower back

cervic/o

neck

crani/o

head, skull

oste/o

bone

crani/o

head, skull

\-physis

growth

myasthenia

MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah

muscle weakness

myodynia

MAI-oh-DIN-ee-ah

muscle pain

myospasm

MAI-oh-spazm

muscle spasm

tenalgia

te-NAL-jee-ah

tendon pain

myalgia

mai-AL-jee-ah

muscle pain

hypotonia

HAI-poh-TOH-nee-ah

decrease in muscle tone or tightness

hypokinesia

HAI-poh-kih-NEE-zhee-ah

decrease in muscle movement or activity

hypertonia

HAI-per-TOH-nee-ah

increased muscle tone or tightness

hyperkinesia

HAI-per-kih-NEE-zhee-ah

increase in muscle movement or activity

graphospasm

GRAF-oh-spazm

writer’s cramp

dystonia

dis-TOH-nee-ah

poor muscle tone

dystaxia

dis-TAK-see-ah

poor coordination

dyskinesia

DIS-kih-nee-zhee-ah

inability to control movement

bradykinesia

BRAD-ee-kih-NEE-see-ah

slow movement

genu varum

JEH-nyoo VAH-rum

bowlegged

genu valgum

JEH-nyoo VAL-gum

knock-kneed

(knee pointed in)

crepitation

krep-ih-TAY-shun

a crackling sound heard in joints

cervicodynia

SIR-vih-koh-DIN-ee-ah

neck pain

arthrodynia

AR-thoh-DIN-ee-ah

joint pain

arthralgia

ar-THRAL-jee-ah

joint pain

ankylosis

ANG-kih-LOH-sis

joint stiffness

tibialgia

TIB-ee-AL-jee-ah

tibia (shin) pain

spondylodynia

SPAWN-dih-loh-DIN-ee-ah

vertebra pain

osteodynia

AWS-tee-oh-DIN-ee-ah

bone pain

ostalgia

aws-TAL-jee-ah

bone pain

metatarsalgia

MET-ah-tar-SAL-jee-ah

pain in the bones of the foot

costalgia

kaws-TAL-jee-ah

rib pain

myotonia

MAI-oh-TOH-nee-ah

muscle tone

myotasis

mai-AWT-ah-sis

stretching of a muscle

myosclerosis

MAI-oh-skler-OH-sis

hardening of a muscle

myomalacia

MAI-oh-mah-LAY-see-ah

softening of a muscle

myolysis

mai-AWL-ih-sis

loss of muscle tissue

myocele

MAI-oh-seel

hernia of muscle tissue

hypertrophy

hai-PER-troh-fee

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

atrophy

A-troh-fee

underdevelopment, decrease or loss of muscle tissue

pyarthrosis

PAI-ar-THROH-sis

pus in a joint

hydrarthrosis

HAI-drar-THROH-sis

water (fluid) in a joint

hemarthrosis

hem-ar-THROH-sis

blood in a joint

effusion

ee-FYOO-zhun

fluid buildup

bursolith

BIR-soh-lith

a stone in a bursa

tarsoptosis

TAR-sawp-TOH-sis

flat feet

syndactyly

sin-DAK-tih-lee

fusion (sometimes called webbing) of the fingers or toes

spondylomalacia

SPAWN-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shee-ah

softening of the vertebra

spondylitis

spawn-dih-LAIT-is

vertebra inflammation

polydactyly

PAWL-ee-DAK-tih-lee

having more than the normal number of fingers or toes

osteosclerosis

AWS-tee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

abnormal hardening of bone

osteonecrosis

AWS-tee-oh-neh-KROH-sis

death of bone

osteolysis

AWS-tee-awl-ih-sis

bone loss

osteodystrophy

AWS-tee-oh-DIS-troh-fee

poor bone development

fracture

FRAK-chur

a bone break

exostosis

EK-sos-toh-sis

an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone

craniomalacia

kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah

softening of the skull

carpitis

kar-PAI-tis

wrist inflammation

scoliosis

SKOH-lee-OH-sis

crooked back, abnormal lateral curve of the spine

lordosis

lor-DOH-sis

sway back, abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine

kyphosis

kai-FOH-sis

humped back, abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine

Computed axial tomography (CAT or CT)

kom-PYOO-ted AK-see-al toh-MAWG-rah-fee

imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

arthrography

ar-THRAWG-ra-fee

procedure used to examine a joint

arthrogram

AR-throh-GRAM

visual record of a joint

myography

mai-AWG-rah-fee

procedure for studying muscles

electromyography

eh-LEK-troh-mai-AWG-rah-fee

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

electromyogram

eh-LEK-troh-MAI-oh-gram

a record of electrical activity of a muscle

arthroscopy

ar-THRAWS-koh-pee

procedure of looking into a joint

arthroscope

AR-throh-SKOHP

instrument for looking into a joint

arthrocentesis

AR-throh-sen-TEE-sis

puncture of a joint

osteosarcoma

AWS-tee-oh-sar-KOH-mah

cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells

osteochondroma

AWS-tee-oh-KON-DROH-mah

a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage

osteocarcinoma

AWS-tee-oh-kar-sin-OH-mah

bone cancer tumor

Carcinomas

develop from the surface/epithelial cells

Sarcomas

develop from interior or mesenchymal stem cells

myosarcoma

MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah

a cancerous muscle tumor

myoma

mai-OH-mah

a muscle tumor

chondroma

lawn-DROH-mah

a tumor like growth of cartilage tissue

tendonitis

tendinitis

TEN-dah-NAI-tis

TEN-dih-NAI-tis

tendon inflammation

tardive dyskinesia

TAR-div DIS-kih-NEE-zhee-ah

condition characterized by the loss of muscle control