Unit 1 Psychology Test

Evolutionary Approach

Investigates how primal survival instincts can influence behavior.

Biological Approach

Emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior.

Psychodynamic Approach

Emphasizes internal, unconscious conflicts; the focus is on sexual and aggressive instincts that collide with cultural norms.

Humanistic Approach

Emphasizes an individual’s potential for growth and the role of perception in guiding mental processes and behavior.

Cognitive Approach

An information-processing approach that stresses the components of thought.

Behavioral Approach

Examines the learning process, focusing in particular on the influence of rewards and punishments.

Sociocultural Approach

Explores how behavior is shaped by history, society, and culture.

What is Psychology?

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Charles Darwin

Is well known for Natural Selection and his influence to the evolutionary approach of psychology.

Roger Sperry

The psychologist connected to split-brain surgery (HEART), which is used for treatment of epilepsy.

Hans Eysenck

The psychologist connected to biological components of intelligence and personality.

Sigmund Freud

The “Father of Psychoanalysis” who believed that all behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is influenced by unconscious conflicts.

Anna Freud

Founder of child psychoanalysis who thought that we used defense mechanisms to keep things OUT of our unconscious.

Unconscious Brain

Humans are not aware of what is there, but it contains negativity.

Abraham Maslow

Created the Hierarchy of Needs and the Theory of Motivation.

Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualization, Self-Esteem, Love Needs, Safety, and Physiological.

Jean Piaget

A child psychologist who studied children in a school setting. She said, “children are not blank slates.”

Albert Bandura (Cognitive)

Created the Social Learning Theory.

Social Learning Theory

A form of learning in which the animal or person observes and imitates the behavior of others.

John Watson

The “Father of Behaviorism,” who emphasized the concept of molding.

Ivan Pavlov

The psychologist associated with classical conditioning.

B.F. Skinner

A strict behaviorist who is associated with operant conditioning (rewards and punishments).

Molding Behavior

The environment gradually changes a person’s behavior.

Stanley Milgrim

Operated a classical experiment on the obedience to authority.

Solomon Asch

Performed a conformity study in 1950 that showed how people tend to conform to other people’s ideas of truth even when they disagree with those ideas.

Albert Bandura (Sociocultural)

Associated with Social Learning and Molding. He studied learning and aggression.