AP Human Geography - Agriculture & Rural-Use Patterns & Processes

Unit 5 (12%-17% of MCQ Score)

Intensive Agricultural Practice 5.1

-Practices that tend to require more labor & capital, but less land

-Often near urban areas

Intensive Agricultural Practice Types 5.1

-Plantation Agriculture

-Mixed Crop & Livestock Agriculture

-Market Gardening

Plantation Agriculture 5.1

Located in periphery countries and former colonies located in tropical climates

Cash Crops such as:

-Coffee

-Sugar

-Tobacco

-Tea

Mixed Crop & Livestock Agriculture 5.1

Economically developed countries

-Crops often used to feed livestock to fatten them before sale

-Corn

-Soybeans

Market Gardening 5.1

Geographic areas with longer growing seasons

-Fresh fruits & vegetables

-Often migrant labor

-ex. Southeastern USA

Extensive Agricultural Practices 5.1

-Practices that tend to require less labor & capital, but more land

-Often distanced away from urban areas

Extensive Agricultural Practice Types 5.1

-Shifting Cultivation

-Nomadic Herding

-Ranching

Shifting Cultivation 5.1

-Tropical climates such as Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, & Southeast Asia

-Crops planted continuously until the land loses fertility

-Left alone until fertile again (Fallow)

Nomadic Herding 5.1

-Central & Southwest Asia or Northern Africa

-Livestock are herded to find fresh pastures for grazing, following seasonal migration patterns

-Staying in a set geographic area

Ranching 5.1

-Areas where land is not ideal for farming

-Ranchers raise cattle far away from population centers

-The ranching land is usually cheap due to being isolated

Metes & Bounds 5.2

A boundary that is based on landmarks in a geographic area to create the boundary (Originally popular in England)

Township & Range 5.2

A survey method that uses a grid system

-Used in the USA

-Easier to sell and differentiate plots of land

Five Main Agricultural Hearths 5.3

-Fertile Crescent (Middle East)

-Sub-Saharan Africa

-Central America

-East Asia

-Southeast Asia

Fertile Crescent 5.3

-Middle East (Euphrates River to Tigris River)

-Egypt, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, and parts of Iraq

-Sedentary Agriculture started here (Neolithic Revolution aka First Agricultural Revolution)

Sub-Saharan Africa 5.3

-Yams

-Coffee

Central America 5.3

-Maize

-Potatoes

-Squash

-Peppers

East Asia 5.3

-Rice

-Soybeans

Southeast Asia 5.3

-Mangoes

-Coconuts