Unit 13 Mental Health

Psychopathology

Scientists study of mental illness

• knowledge used by clinical psychologists

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Diagnosed in situations in which a person has been excessively worrying for at least 6 months

Anxiety disorder

Psychological disorder marked by irrational fears, often of everyday objects and situations

In 2020 what percent of the adult population in the US is estimated to have experienced mental illness

21%

What does the DSM consider a mood disorder

• persistent depressive disorder marked

• Major depressive disorder

• Bipolar disorder

What is necessary for a behavior to receive a diagnosis of mental illness

• unusual

• Maladaptive

• Causes distress

Imaginary sensations are called

Hallucinations

Irrational beliefs are called

Delusions

Comorbidity

Occurs when people who are diagnosed with one psych disorder are also diagnosed with one or more additional disorders

What is the DSM

• Provides diagnostic criteria

• Diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorder

ASD

Autism spectrum disorder

• impaired social interaction

Panic disorder (4 behaviors are)

Recurrent & unexpected panic attacks

A) Persistent concern about having another attack

B) Worry abt consequences

C) Sig. change in behavior

D) combo of any or all of these

Agoraphobia

Anxiety of being in situations that are difficult to escape (bridges, crowds)

OCD categories (four)

• Contamination/cleansing

• Doubt/checking

• Intrusive/ forbidden thoughts

• Symmetry/ordering

Obsession and compulsion for contamination/cleaning

O: thoughts of contamination such as germs on hands

C: Cleaning behavior such as excessive hand washing

Obsession and compulsion doubt/checking

O: thoughts of doubt, such as doubting whether stove was turned off

C: Checking behavior, leaning work repeatedly to check stove

Obsession and compulsion for intrusive/forbidden thoughts

O: Intrusive thoughts, often of a behavior that is reprehensibly sexual or violet

C: No compulsions

Obsession and compulsion for symmetry/ordering

O: A need for symmetry or precision, such as a need to have all French fries in the same direction

C: Ensuring precision, align French fries before eating them

Mood (affective) disorders def

Long lasting emotional disturbance affecting all areas of life

Persistent vs Major depressive disorder

Persistent (dysthymia): Mild, chronic lasting 2 years

• must have a depressed mood more days than not for 2+ years

• Must be accompanied with two symptoms, nothing severe, no suicidal thoughts

Major depressive disorder: (clinical depression) All-encompassing low mood accompanied by a low self esteem and diminished interest in all activities accompanied by 5 of the DSM criteria

List some of the DSM criteria for symptoms that accompany major depressive disorder

• sig weight loss/gain

• Sleeping too much/too little

• Restlessness or slowed physical activity

• Fatigue or loss of energy

• Feeling worthless, or excessive guilt

• Difficulty concentrating

• Feeling pessimistic

• Increased alcohol or drug use

• Loss of interest in personal appearance

• Persistent aches or pains

• Sleep disorders

• Thoughts of suicide

What percent of the population will experience a depressive disorder

10-20%

Schizophrenia textbook def

Psych disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, loss of contract with reality, inappropriate affect, disorganized speech, and social withdrawal

List the four positive symptoms of schizophrenia

• hallucinations

• Delusions

• Bizzare behavior such as repetitive behavior

• Thought disruption, derailment and incoherent speech

List the four negative symptoms

• flat affect (no emotional response)

• Poverty of speech

• Apathy and loss of motivation

• Loss of interest in socializing

List four cognitive symptoms

• poor executive control

• Trouble focusing

• Working memory problems

• Poor problem-solving abilities

Where is schiz seen more, how much of the total pop has it, and what is a risk a factor?

• about 1% of total pop

• Seen more in homeless pop

• Older age of the father and if there is already someone in your family, you are at a higher risk for developing it

How are personality disorders characterized

Condition characterized by inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that cause social problems

What are the three categories of personality disorders

• odd/eccentric

• dramatic/erratic

• anxious/inhibited

What are the three odd/eccentric personality disorders and describe them!

• Schizotypal: Peculiar or eccentric manners of speaking or dressing. Strange beliefs.

• Paranoid: Distrust in others, suspicion that people have sinister moods.

• Schizoid: Extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationships.

What are the three dramatic/erratic personality disorders and describe them

• borderline: prolonged disturbance of personality accompanied by mood swings, more in women (associated with suicide) seemingly always in a state of crisis.

• Histrionic: attention seeking, emotional, lively, overly dramatic (everything is vital), excessively flirty

• Narcissistic: Inflated sense of self-importance and entitlement. Criticism is respond to with indifference or rage.

What are the three anxious/inhibited personality disorders and describe them.

• Avoidant: Wants social contact, but has an overwhelming fear of rejection.

• Dependent: Submissive, dependent, requiring excessive approval, reassurance, and advice. Clings to people and fears losing them.

• Obsessive-compulsive: Rigid, rule-bound, orderly, detail-oriented. Excessive need to do everything “right.” Inflexibly high standards and caution can interfere with productive. Fear of errors can make them strict or controlling. Poor expression of emotions Not the same as OCD

What disorder is typically the foundation of criminal behavior (found more in men)

Antisocial personality disorder…pervasive pattern of violating the rights of others, typically beginning in childhood.