AP World History Semester 1 Final Exam Review

Over 12,000 years ago a new global pattern of human life started to unfold as humans began to?
a: migrate to all parts of Africa
b: deliberately cultivate plants and domesticate animals
c: begin to reestablish dominant hunter-gatherer societies in the Americas
d: construct elaborate state constitutions and aggressively explore all Pacific islands

B

How did agriculture emerge after thousands of years without it?
a: chiefs and shamans were able to successfully learn to plant from Europeans
b: due to abundance of natural resources, iron tools allowed for more advanced plows
c: due to widespread international trade, ideas for cultivation were spread all over the world
d: the warming period at the end of the last ice age created a wetter, warmer, and more stable climate

D

Why did northeast africa have success with domesticating animals first?
A: extensive grasslands for grazing were available
b: europeans first shared their knowledge of animal husbandry with the nubian people
c: all other areas of this part of africa and the middle east were still under the ocean
d: the people in this area were the only people at this time to have created a civilization which relied upon domesticated animals

A

Which of the following was not a challenge to the establishment of agriculture in the americas as compared to the afro-eurasian world?
a: the lack of rich cereal grains to domesticate
b: the lack of other crops with which to supplement a diet of maize
c: the north/south orientation of the americas
d: the lack of large mammals, other than the llama, suitable for domestication

B

The spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration?
a: resulted in the spread of language groups as well as farming techniques
b: always benefited the hunter-gatherer peoples with whom migrants came into contact
c: resulted in india receiving crops only from southwest asia
d: resulted in the widespread dissemination of crops from new guinea

A

Which of the following was not an environmental impact caused by farmers and herders?
a: natural ground-cover was often times removed due to overgrazing
b: parts of the middle east saw villages abandoned within 1,000 years due to erosion
c: deforestation occurred leading to decreased crop yield and declining populations in some areas
d: coastal areas were heavily polluted due to rising populations

D

The unique feature of the cheifdom (as compared to a stateless agricultural village) that was replicated, elaborated, and assumed to be natural in all later states and civilizations was the distinction between elite and commoner based on?
a: race
b: achievement
c: birth/lineage
d: gender

C

Which of the following was a feature of the secondary products revolution that began around 4000 B.C.E.?
a: the harvesting of wool from animals
b: the miniaturization of stone tools, including micro-blades
c: the creation of composite tools
d: the creation of the first dug-out canoes

A

Pastoral societies differed from agricultural village societies in which of the following ways?
a: pastoral societies relied less heavily on animals
b: pastoral societies benefited from exchanges with agricultural societies, but agricultural societies did not benefit from exchanges with their pastoral counterparts
c: pastoral societies were more mobile than agricultural societies
d: pastoral societies never organized into powerful military confederations, whereas agricultural societies regularly organized into such confederations

C

Chiefdom's and agricultural village societies were similar in that?
a: both social structures were based on complete equality among adults, both male and female
b: both were based around more permanent agricultural settlements
c: neither possessed ways of resolving internal disputes
d: both were more nomadic than pastoral societies

B

Which of the following have scholars advanced as a possible explanation for the emergence of a patriarchy in the first civilizations?
a: the emergence of women as the primary source of labor in more intensive animal drawn plow-based agriculture
b: the increased role of women outside the home
c: the decline in birthrates that accompanied civilization
d: the emergence of large-scale warfare with professionally led armies

D

Which of the following constitutes historians' usual definition of civilization?
a: a people's ability to freely elect their leaders
b: a human society that includes cities and states, economic divisions, and leaders
c: a group of humans who recognize any form of social hierarchy
d: a group of humans who practice agriculture

B

Which of the following had the first recognized writing system...Cuneiform?
a: china
b: olmec
c: norte chico
d: sumer (mesopotamia)

D

Which of the following was not a way social inequality was expressed in the first civilizations?
a: wealth
b: clothing
c: manner of burial
d: race

D

Kingship in the first civilizations?
a: often depended on the belief that the office of the king was divinely ordained
b: relied exclusively on physical force and coercion
c: often depended in part on the authority of a written constitution
d: often emerged with women as rulers, although everywhere they were rapidly replaced by men

A

Which of the following provided the primary economic foundation for civilization?
a: slavery
b: agriculture
c: the army
d: writing

B

Which of the following was a reason for the instability in ancient Mesopotamia?
a: the failure of Mesopotamia to develop written law codes
b: rivalries between independent city-states
c: the collapse of fisheries in the Persian gulf on which the population relied
d: the failure of a patriarchal system to emerge in Mesopotamia

B

Which of the following human accomplishments first emerged with most of the first civilizations?
a: agriculture
b: monotheism
c: monumental architecture
d: trans-continental trade routes

C

Which of the first civilizations was the most self-contained trading, but relatively isolated?
a: indus valley
b: china
c: norte chico
d: mesopotamia

C

Which of the following first civilizations referred to their leader as the son of heaven who ruled by the mandate of heaven?
a: china
b: olmec
c: norte chico
d: indus valley

A

Scholars have advanced which of the following as a possible explanation for the origins of the first civilizations?
a: the settlement of peoples in particularly rich agricultural regions where there were no limits on the amount of land that could be cultivated
b: the end of the practice of slavery in a region
c: the emergence of regions where no military elite took shape and peace reigned
d: the need and ability to organize large-scale irrigation projects

D

Which of the following was a feature of Egyptian rather than Mesopotamian civilization?
a: salinization of the soil leading to a collapse in the production of wheat in most areas along the upper nile
b: frequent and devastating invasions of egypt by outsiders because of a lack of physical barriers
c: a more cheerful and hopeful outlook on the world, as expressed in part through egyptian religious beliefs
d: egypt's written law codes

C

Which of the following statements about ancient Egypt is true?
a: the state was ruled by pharaohs who were believed to be gods in human form
b: cities were more important in egypt than in mesopotamia
c: the nile was an unpredictable river whose erratic floods regulary destroyed crops
d: women in egypt were afforded fewer opportunities than in mesopotamia

A

The territory of an ancient Mesoportamia is presently occupied by which country?
a: iran
b: afghanistan
c: iraq
d: india

C

The excerpt above from the code of hammurabi illustrates which of the following about babylonian society?
a: it made provision for the economic well-being of all classes
b: it moved away from reliance on corporal punishment
c: it was marked by social inequalities
d: the king was regarded as blessed by divine forces

C

Which title best completes this diagram?
a: elements of a civlization
b: features of a nomadic lifestyle
c: basic components of the paleolithic age
d: human life 50,000 years ago

A

Civilization which developed around the tigris and euphrates rivers
d

D

This civilization developed a positive attitude about the afterlife because of the regular and predictable flooding of its river.
C

C

The shang dynasty developed the first civilization in this region
A

A

Two prominent cities include harappa and mohenjo-daro
E

E

This civlization had a unified territorial state and demonstrated their dominance with enormous pyramids
a: norte chico
b: olmec
c: egypt
d: mesopotamia
e: china
ab: indus valley

C

This civlization had monumental architecutre in the form of earthen mounds, small cities, and used quipus for record keeping?
a: norte chico
b: olmec
c: egypt
d: mesopotamia
e: china
ab: indus valley

A

This civlization had elaborate tombs for emperors and used oracle bones?
a: norte chico
b: olmec
c: egypt
d: mesopotamia
e: china
ab: indus valley

E

This civlization left behind huge basalt heads and had evidence of ritual sacrifices?
a: norte chico
b: olmec
c: egypt
d: mesopotamia
e: china
ab: indus valley

B

This civilization had a more negative outlook on life probably due to the unpredictability of their rivers and lack of natural defenses for protection from attack?
a: norte chico
b: olmec
c: egypt
d: mesopotamia
e: china
ab: indus valley

D

Persian political organization included which of the following features?
a: an emperor who was little more than a figurehead
b: lower-level officials drawn from local authorities
c: a civil service that took exams
d: a written constitution

B

Which of the following was a unique feature of greek political life?
a: the granting of limited political rights to slaves
b: representative democracy
c: the idea of free people running the affairs of state
d: the universal right to vote for all men and women above the age of sixteen

C

Solon brought which of the following reforms to athens after 594 B.C.E?
a: representative democracy
b: the creation of debt slavery as a way of helping the poor pay off loans
c: the right of all citizens to participate in the assembly
d: limited political rights for elite athenian women

C

The political culture of classical greek civilization was different from that of persia because?
a: only the persian empire offerred equality for all citizens before the law
b: greek civlization allowed for the limited participation of women in public assemblies
c: only greek civlization experimented with the idea of free people running the affairs of state
d: the greeks relied heavily on satraps to administer their states

C

The Hellenistic era was?
a: initiated by apata's defeat of athens in the peloponnesian war
b: marked by a spread of greek culture into the lands of once was the persian empire thanks to alexander the great
c: named after helen of troy due to her contributions unifying all of greece
d: the time of the roman empire's greatest expansion

B

An empire?
a: is a state that forms a democratic republic but is eventually seized and ruled over by a single ruler
b: is usually formed through conquest and maintatined through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples
c: is usually composed of a single ethnic group with a single language, religion, and identity
d: never took shape in india during the classical era

B

Which of the following was true of both the roman and the chinese empires?
a: they exhausted themselves through frequent indecisive wars with india
b: they invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule linking their leaders/empires to heaven/the gods
c: they evolved from democratic traditions into empires ruled by single rulers
d: their economies relied heavily on slave laber conquering all neighbors solely for accumulating more workers

B

When comparing rome to china as empires?
a: the chinese were in a minority ethnically, whereas the romans immediately assimilated (adopted, turned) all they conquered as Italians
b: emperors were limited by the mandate from heaven in Rome
c: both imposed a single religion and language from the empire
d: Romans (Italians) were in a minority as they expanded, whereas the Chinese were almost exclusively the same ethnically

D

Which foreign religious tradition was absorbed into china during the classical period?
a: hinduism
b: the isis cult
c: buddhism
d: christianity

C

Which of the following factors has been put forward to explain why empires were much less prominent in india than in china?
a: india's unparalleled cultural diversity
b: the lack of invasions from central asia into the indian subcontinent
c: india's lack of a well-defined social structure
d: the complete lack of any tradition of large states in india

A

Which of the following has been put forward by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery within the first civlizations?
a: long periods of peace
b: the decline of patriarchy
c: the early domestication of animals
d: race

C

Which of the following was a difference between India and China's social structure?
a: indian society was divided into fewer distinct social groups than was chinese society
b: india's social groups were defined more rigidly
c: china's class system gave priority to religious status and ritual purity
d: china's social groups were defined more rigidly

B

Wang Mang's reform program following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 CE included?
a: the creation and promotion of large private estates
b: official recognition for the practice of private slavery
c: oversight of government officials by local landlords
d: government loans to peasant families

D

Like First Civilizations societies of the classical era?
a: lacked sharp distinctions along class lines
b: were patriarchal in organization
c: rarely included slaves
d: were based upon written consttitutions

B

China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which?
a: slaveholding defined the society
b: its social organization was shaped by the actions of the government
c: the caste system defined its social structure
d: women were always allowed a greater role in public life

B

India and China during the classical era were similar in that in both societies?
a: birth had no place in determining the social status of most people
b: social prestige was primarily attained through service to the state
c: it was common for people of low social status to rise into the highest castes or social classes through hard work
d: sharp distinctions and great inequalities characterized the social order

D

What is the main difference between varna and jati in regards to India's caste systems?
a: individual jatis were locked into an unchanging hierarchy in relation to other jatis
b: individuals within a varna regularly raised their social status by growing wealthy enough to join other varnas
c: the varna system was older and explained brorad social categories while the jati were groups based on occupation
d: marriage within jatis became taboo (a bad idea)

C

In comparison to Han China, Greco-Roman societies.?
a: were more rigid caste-based social hierarchies
b: had economies less heavily reliant on slaves
c: had more freedoms for women, including some political rights
d: had societies more heavily reliant on slaves

D

In classical Athens?
a: the growth of democracy was accompanied by the simultaneous growth of slavery on a massive scale
b: a slave who was freed by his or her master automatically became a citizen of the city-state
c: slavery was criticized by the greatest of the greek phiosophers including aristotle, and was ultimately outlawed in society as a whole
d: through time slavery became associated with race and especially blackness

A

In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions?
a: han china
b: athens
c: sparta
d: classical india

C

All of the following were causes of a declining patriarchy in china after the han dynasty except?
a: buddhism and daoism offered more opportunities for women
b: empress wu came to power and ruled from 690-705
c: confucianism was revived and restructured placing women in dominant roles
d: chinese society became more impacted by nomadic and pastoral people in the north

C

In classical civilizations?
a: upper-class women had a tendency to live less restricted lives than lower-class women
b: women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared too those living in pastoral societies
c: public life in general was a male domain, while women's roles took place mostly in domestic settings
d: womenn in general experienced fewer restrictions as compared to those who lived in neolithic agricultural village societies

C

Which of the following distinguished the experience of women in sparta from those in athens?
a: upper-class women in sparta were more strictly confined to the home than those in athens
b: in sparta women married men of about their own age
c: athenian women were able to participate in their oligarchic government
d: in athens philosphers like aristotle raised the status of women by teaching that in comparison to men women had equal if not superior intelligence

B

In the centuries following the fall of the han empire, chinese women?
a: found themselves restricted to a greater degree than ever before because of the cultural influence of the nomadic peoples who conquered much of northern china
b: were removed from positions as priests, nuns, and reclusive mediators in daoist movements
c: benefited from the growing influence of daoism and buddhism which provided some women with an alternative to family life in buddhist monasteries
d: were encouraged by the writings of ban zhou to overthrow men and replace them with women in positions of power

C

Slavery was unique in the Greco-Roman world because?
a: only prisoners of war could become slaves
b: slaves could participate in a wide variety of jobs
c: slaves were mainly used to replenish armies who had suffered major losses in battle
d: women were excluded from being enslaved

B

The political culture of classical greek civlization was different from that of persia because?
a: only the persian empire offered equality for all citizens before the law
b: greek civlization allowed for the limited participation of women in public assemblies
c: only greek civlization experimented with the idea of free people running the affairs of state
d: the greeks relied heavily on satraps to adminsister their states

C

The Hellenistic era was?
a: initiated by sparta's defeat of athens in the peloponnesian war
b: marked by a spread of greek culture into the lands of the persian empire thanks to alexadner the great
c: named after helon of troy
d: the time of the roman empire's greatest expansion

B

An empire?
a: is a state that forms as a democratic republic but is eventually seized and ruled over by a single ruler
b: is usually formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples
c: is usually composed of a single ethnic group with a single language, religion, and identity
d: never took shape in india during the classical era

B

Which of the following was true of both the roman and the chinese empires?
a: they exhausted themselves through frequent indecisive wars with india
b: they invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule linking their leaders/empires to heaven/the gods
c: they evolved from republican traditions into empires ruled by single rulers
d: their economies relied heavily on slave labor

B

Which of the following classical religions and philosophies focuse more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life?
a: confucianism
b: buddhism
c: zoroastrianism
d: christianity

A

Zoroastrianism most probably influenced which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?
a: daoism
b: confuciansim
c: christianity
d: hinduism

C

Buddhism and Hinduism are similar in that they both?
a: rejected the religiosu authority of the brahmins
b: rejected the concept of karma
c: offered hope for final release from the cycle of reincarnation
d: promoted the idea that ahura mazda was in a cosmic struggle with angra mainyu

C

Which of the following systems of thought provided inspiration for the harsh reunification of china under shihuangdi and the qin dynasty?
a: confucianism
b: daoism
c: buddhism
d: legalism

D

Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in eurasia in the centureis surronding 500 BCE?
a: all sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe
b: all played down the value of humankind
c: all drew on rationalism to reason with the universe
d: all downpalyed personal moral or spiritual transformation in favor of communal ritual

A

Confucianism had a long-term effect on chinese culture in which of the following ways?
a: thanks to confucianism elite chinese culture was primarily religious in character
b: the confucian based examanition system allowed some social mobility for talented young men who were able to afford an education
c: confucianism encouraged individualistic and natural behavior among the eltie
d: confucianism spread the idea of reincarnation among the general population

B

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the greek way of thinking in the classical era?
a: enthusiasm for finding answers through communication with the gods
b: confidence in human reason
c: repect for warrior traditions and conquering
d: their focus on understanding the dao

B

Before 500 CE Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both?
a: had written scriptures and an ethical code
b: spread widely around the mediterranean
c: promoted teachings about reincarnation
d: advocated a monastic life and a rejection of the world

A

The development and spread of christianity and buddhism before 600 CE had all of the following in common except?
a: both were more than likely outgrowths of other religions
b: both were aided in their spread by existing trade networks
c: the founders of both presented themselves as divine
d: both developed monastic orders open to women

C

In classical athens?
a: the growth of democracy was accompanied by the simultaneous growth of slavery on a massive scale
b: a slave who was freed by his or her master became a citizen of the city state
c: slavery was criticized by the greatest of the greek philosophers including aristotle, and was ultimatley outalwed in society as a whole
d: through time slavery was ultimately outlawed in society as a whole

A

In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions?
a: han china
b: athens
c: sparta
d: classical india

C

In classical civlizations?
a: upper class women had a tendency to live less restricted lives than lower class women
b: women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those living in pastoral societies
c: public life in general was a male domain while womens roles took place mostly in domestic settings
d: women in general experienced fewer restrictions as compared to those who lived in neolithic agricultural village societies

C

What is the main difference between varna and jati in regards to India's caste system?
a: individual jatis were locked into an unchanging hiearchy in relation to other jatis
b: individuals within a varna refularyly raised their social status by growing wealthy enough to join other varnas
c: the varna system was older anad explained broad social categories while the jati were groups based on your job
d: marriage within jatis became taboo (a bad idea)

C

In comparison to han china greco roman societies?
a: were more rigid caste-based social hierarchies
b: had economies less heavily reliant on slaves
c: had more freedoms for women, including some political rights
d: had societies more heavily reliant on slaves

D

Which of the following occurrences may have led to the collapse of maya civlization in the ninth century ce?
a: foreign invasion
b: a century of devastating flooding
c: a long term drought
d: massive rebellions that overthrew the mayan emperor

C

Which of the following regions did not have any pastoral societies in the classical era?
a: central/south america
b: europe
c: central asia
d: east africa

A

Which of the following cultures produced a written language?
a: maya
b: the niger river valley
c: moche
d: bantu

A

Which of the following african cultures or civlizations is distinctive becaue of hte apparent absence of state structures beyond that of chiefs with modest political authority?
a: axum
b: meroe
c: mali
d: niger valley

D

Which of the following statements best describes the spread of the bantu peoples to southern and eastern africa?
a: the bantu were orginally invited into small african states as mercenaries and guest workers but eventually seized control of those states
b: the bantu thanks to their skill in metallurgy were well armed and quickly able to conquere their neighbors
c: it was bantu language and culture that spread rather than bantu people themselves as neighbors emulated highly successful bantu ways
d: the bantu spread slowly often just a few families at a time and for the most part eliminated hunter gatheres trading mainly with each other

D

Which of the following describes a major effect of the bantu migrations?
a: the spread of islam across sub-saharan africa
b: the diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub saharan africa
c: the introduction of banana cultivation in east africa
d: the success of hunter-foraging in sub-saharan africa

B

The passage above is written from the point of view of a?
a: leader of exana's army
b: resident of the towns of stone and straw
c: european historian of modern times
d: scientist that studies ruins

A

Where were Ezana's troops sent?
a: to heaven
b: to move into stone homes
c: up the seda river
d: up the nile river

C

Based on the passage who could take a civil service exam during chinas qin dynasty?
a: all citizens
b: any landowner
c: all men
d: any adult

C

According to the venn diagram which religion claims that humans can merge with the universla force?
a: hinduism
b: buddhism
c: both a and b
d: none of the above

C

According to the venn diagram which relgiion claims that a single force governs the universe?
a: hinduism
b: buddhism
c: both a and b
d: none of the above

C

According to the venn diagram what might the future hold for a buddhist?
a: four truths
b: acheiving dharma
c: nirvana
d: world peace

C

What is the main theme of this passage by aristotle?
a: the importance of intellectual life
b: the rewards of happiness
c: the importance of continuous activity
d: the rewards of good health

A

The temple below the temple of the sun is a part of which mesoamerican civilization?
a: moche
b: chavin
c: maya
d: totihuacan

D

Little is known about the rituals or beliefs that animated ______ religious practice major deities were represented as jaguars, crocodiles, and snakes all of them native to the amazon basin. this quote from your reading and the picture below represent which south american civilization?
a: moche
b: chavin
c: maya
d: teotihuacan

B

Use the map on the back which of the four civlizations from your trade map was the bantu?

D

Use the map on the back which of the four african civlizations from your trade map was the jenne-jeno niger river valley?

A

The Silk Roads offset the high costs of transportation by?
a: mainly trading luxury goods to elite and wealthy markets
b: carrying only large quantities of agricultural products
c: trading mainly with the wealthy markets in the americas
d: transporting large quantities of gold

A

Which of the following is true of the silk roads?
a: the silk roads linked the entire world into a single trade network
b: the silk roads linked the large civlizations on the outer rim of the eurasian continent but bypassed the pastoral peoples of the interior
c: the silk roads were largely a relay trade route in which goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route
d: although important the silk roads never carried as large a volume of long distance trade as the american networks

C

The exchange of diseases along the silk roads?
a: dramatically weakened the christian chruch in the byzantine empire as followers abandoned what they perceived as an uncaring god
b: ultimately gave western europeans an advantage when they confronted peoples of the western hemisphere after 1500 who had not been exposed to the diseases of the silk roads
c: resulted in cinese officals seeking to suppress long-distance trade
d: began with the emergence of the bubonic plague in the 14th century

B

In contrast to the silk roads the sea roads of the indian ocean?
a: carried more products for a mass market rather than just luxury goods
b: had much higher transportation costs because ships cost so much more than camels
c: did not include china in the network
d: were centered on the ports of east africa

A

Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the eurasian exchange system?
a: silk
b: porcelain
c: nutmeg
d: slaves

A