DRRR - FINAL EXAM

Hydrometeorological hazard

- Process or phenomenon of atmospheric,

hydrological or oceanographic nature that may

cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,

property damage, loss of livelihoods and

services, social and economic disruption, or

environmental damage.

• Typhoon

• Flood

• Thunderstorm

• Flashflood

• El Niño

• La Niña

• Coastal Storm Surges

TYPES OF HYDROMETEROLOGICAL HAZARD:

Philippines

ranks among the world's most

disaster-prone countries.

"Pacific

Ring of Fire," and in the geologically unstable

region between the Pacific and Eurasian

tectonic plates.

It is highly prone to

natural disasters, particularly typhoons, floods,

landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and

tsunamis, lying as it does in the typhoon belt, in

the active volcanic region known as the _______

Typhoon

- A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm

system characterized by a low-pressure center, a

closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong

winds, and a spiral arrangement of

thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and/or

squalls

High Pressure

- Cold air

- Air gets denser and heavier

Low Pressure

- Warm air

- Air becomes less dense and lighter

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

is

a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth

generally near the equator where the trade

winds of the Northern and Southern

Hemispheres come together.

increasing ocean swell, falling

barometric pressure, and strengthening winds in

the days leading up to landfall.

Signs of an approaching typhoon or hurricane

include _____

PAGASA

provides weather forecasts and tropical

cyclone warnings, flood bulletins and advisories,

hydrological, climatological and weather

forecasts.

Public Storm Warning Signals

are raised to warn

the public of incoming weather disturbances.

Once a Storm Signal is raised, conditions are not

yet necessarily felt in the given area.

Hurricane

Northeast Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceam

Typhoon

Northwest Pacific Ocean

Cyclone

South Pacific and Indian Ocean

thunderstorm

also known as an electrical

storm or a lightning storm

thunderstorm

is a storm

characterized by the presence of lightning and

its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere,

known as thunder.

thunderstorm

are sometimes called

thundershowers

LIGHTNING

THUNDER IS CAUSED BY ______

channel

When a

lightning bolt travels from the cloud to the

ground it actually opens up a little hole in the

air, called a _______.

Flash flood

is a flood caused by heavy or

excessive rainfall in a short period of time,

generally less than 6 hours.

Flooding

is a longer term event than flash

flooding: it may last days or weeks

El Niño and La Niña

are a global climate

phenomenon caused by cyclical shifts in the

water temperature of the Pacific Ocean.

El Niño

- is the warming phase of water temperatures

around the Pacific Equator.

La Niña

- is the opposite of El Niño: an intensification

of normal weather patterns. This causes

ocean surface temperatures to cool down as winds strengthen and blow warm water

towards the west.

Storm surge

is the abnormal rise in seawater

level during a storm, measured as the height

of the water above the normal predicted

astronomical tide.

Man-Made Hazards

- events or conditions that are caused by

human activities and have the potential to

cause harm to people, property, or the

environment

Man-Made Hazards

- often preventable or controllable

• Technological Hazards

• Sociological Hazards

• Environmental Hazards

Types of Man-Made Hazards

Technological / Industrial Hazards

- Hazards originating from technological or

industrial accidents, dangerous procedures,

infrastructure failures or specific human

activities.

Chernobyl Accident, 1986

was the

result of a flawed reactor design that was

operated with inadequately trained

personnel. The resulting steam explosion

and fires released at least 5% of the

radioactive reactor core into the

environment, with the deposition of

radioactive materials in many parts of

Europe.

fire, power outages, dam failure,

transport accidents, infrastrature failure

Technological / Industrial Hazards Examples:

Sociological Hazards

- Hazards due to sociological causes, also a

sub-class of anthropogenic hazards.

crime, terrorist, threats, and war.

Sociological Hazards Examples:

Battle of Marawi

- In May 2017, Muslim militants acting in the

name of the Islamic State (ISIS) seized

Marawi, a lakeside economic hub in the

Lanao del Sur province of Mindanao, the

second-largest island in the Philippines. It

took the Filipino military five months to

regain control of the city.

Environmental hazards

are hazards that

affect biomes or ecosystems

oil spills, pollution, slash and burn

deforestation, ground fissures, build-up of

atmospheric carbon dioxide

Environmental hazards Examples:

Guimaras Oil Spill

- On August 11, 2006, an oil spill occurred in

Panay Gulf when the oil tanker, MT Solar 1,

in the Philippines, causing what is considered

sank off the coasts of Guimaras and Negros

to be the worst oil spill in the country's

history

• Awareness and education

• Policy and regulation

• Emergency response planning

• Technology and monitoring systems

Preparedness and Risk Reduction

Disaster

- It is often described as a result of the

combination of several things: the exposure

to a hazard.

Prevention

- A pre-event element of DRR which is the

outright avoidance of adverse impacts of

hazards and related disasters.

Response

- A post event element with the provision of

emergency services and public assistance

during or immediately after a disaster.

Adaptation

- A pre-event element which pertains to the

adjustment in natural or human systems in

response to actual or expected climatic

stimuli or their effects.

Disaster risk reduction (DRR)

- a term used for reducing and preventing

disaster risks. It is founded on the principle

that while hazards are inevitable, its adverse

effects like lost lives and/or destruction of

property are not.

exposure to a hazard; vulnerability; capacity

Disasters are often described as a result of the

combination of several things:

Disaster Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability / Capacity

Formula of disaster risk

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

- is the concept and practice of reducing

disaster risks through analysis and

management of the causal factors of

disasters.

- prevention

- mitigation

- adaptation

- preparedness

Elements of Disaster Risk Reduction:

Pre-event:

- response

- recovery

Elements of Disaster Risk Reduction:

Post-event:

Prevention

- The outright avoidance of adverse impacts

of hazards and related disasters.

Mitigation

- The lessening or limitation of the adverse

impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Adaptation

- The adjustment in natural or human systems

in response to actual or expected climatic

stimuli or their effects, which moderates

harm.

Preparedness

- The knowledge and capacities developed by

professional response and recovery

organizations, communities or individuals to

effectively anticipate, respond to, and

recover from, the impacts.

Response

- The provision of emergency services and

public assistance during or immediately after

a disaster in order to save lives, reduce

health impacts, ensure public safety and

meet the basic subsistence needs of the

people affected.

immediate and

short term

Disaster response is

predominantly focused on ____ needs

.

disaster relief

Disaster response is

predominantly focused on immediate and

short term needs and is sometimes called

_____

Recovery

The restoration, and improvement where

appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and

living conditions of disaster affected

communities, including efforts to reduce

disaster risk factors.

citizens to political

leaders, government institutions, the

private sector, civil society organizations,

professional bodies, and scientific and

technical institutions.

Who are the responsible for disaster risk

management?

• Family Preparedness Planning

• Community Preparedness Planning

2 Preparedness Planning

- informed and

trained

- avoid panic

- lessen

the impact

- family emergency preparedness plan.

- always consider the

worst-case scenario.

Why is a disaster plan important? What to do?

Republic Act No. 10121 or The Philippine

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

(DRRM) Act of 2010.

Philippines was first in Asia to have

enacted its own law on disaster risk

reduction and management through

____

Philippine Disaster Reduction And Management

Act (Ra 10121)

- The Act shifted the policy environment and

the way the country deals with disasters

from mere response to preparedness.

RA 10121

provides a comprehensive, all-

hazard, multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and

community-based approach to disaster risk

management through the formulation of the

National Disaster Risk Management

Framework.

- National Government

- Local Government

- Community

- Civil Society

Who Are Involved In Drrm As Mandated In The

DRRM Act?