Reconstruction to Present Flashcards

Flashcards covering key events, policies, and concepts between 1865 and present day.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

Officially abolished slavery in the U.S.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) do?

Freed slaves in Confederate states, but not everywhere.

What is the main idea of the 15th Amendment?

Voting rights can’t be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

What was the purpose of the 15th Amendment?

Gave Black men the right to vote.

What did Jim Crow Laws do?

Enforced racial segregation across the South by the late 1800s.

What was Booker T. Washington's approach to segregation?

Advocated vocational training and self-improvement within segregation.

What stance did W. E. B. Du Bois take on segregation?

Opposed segregation; demanded universal suffrage and civil rights.

What was the goal of the Dawes Act (1887)?

Assimilate Native Americans through individual land ownership.

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) do?

Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years.

What was the goal of Native American Boarding Schools?

Assimilation; destroy tribal identity.

Who were the Muckrakers?

Journalists exposing corruption and societal issues.

What was the core idea of the Social Gospel Movement?

Churches should help with real-world problems.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

Celebration of Black culture via music, art, literature.

What is Nativism?

Anti-immigrant sentiment favoring native-born Whites.

What was the Impact of the Emergency Quota Act (1921) & Immigration Act (1924)?

Limited Southern/Eastern European & Asian immigration.

What was the Great Migration?

Millions of African Americans moved North/Midwest.

What did the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) provide?

Jobs for young men (conservation).

What did the FDIC provide?

Bank deposit insurance.

What did the FERA provide?

Direct relief (money/food).

What was the TVA?

Rural electrification/dams in the South.

What did the Wagner Act do?

Protected union rights.

What was the result of the New Deal & Government Role?

Marked increased federal involvement in economy and welfare.

What was the Double V Campaign?

Victory abroad (WWII) + Victory at home (against racism).

What was the result of Executive Order 8802?

Banned discrimination in defense industries.

What happened with Japanese Internment (1942)?

120,000+ Japanese Americans forced into internment camps.

What was the Marshall Plan (1947–1951)?

Rebuilt Western Europe with $13 billion in U.S. aid.

What were the goals of the Marshall Plan?

Stop spread of communism (esp. in Italy/France).

What was the Truman Doctrine (1947)?

Promised U.S. aid to countries resisting communism.

What did the GI Bill (1944) do?

Helped WWII veterans transition to civilian life.

What were the results of the GI Bill (1944)?

Growth of educated workforce, expansion of middle class and suburbs, baby boom.

What started the Korean War (1950–1953)?

North Korea invaded South Korea to unify under communism.

What did the Domino Theory refer to?

fear of regional communist spread.

What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)?

Gave LBJ authority to escalate war without a formal declaration.

What happened at the Bay of Pigs (1961)?

CIA-trained Cuban exiles attempted to overthrow Fidel Castro.

What triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)?

U.S. discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba.

What did Flexible Response (Kennedy) prioritize?

Emphasized conventional, nuclear, and special forces.

What was the result of Brown v. Board (1954)?

Declared school segregation unconstitutional.

What did the Civil Rights Act (1964) do?

Outlawed discrimination in employment, education, and public places.

What did the Voting Rights Act (1965) do?

Banned literacy tests and other barriers to Black voting.

What did the Rise of Black Power emphasize?

Emphasis on Black pride, self-defense, and economic empowerment.

What were the Stonewall Riots (1969)?

Response to police harassment in NYC.

What did Title IX (1972) guarantee?

Equal access to education and sports.

What was Détente in U.S. Foreign Policy?

Improved relations with USSR and China.

What was the Economic Impact of the GI Bill?

Boosted education, homeownership, and economic growth.

What were the New Frontier Goals?

Education, civil rights, space race, poverty reduction.