Studied by 0 people
Types of experiments
Laboratory, field, natural and quasi
Laboratory experiment
Experiment with high control over extraneous variables.
Field experiment
Experiment conducted in a natural setting with only the IV being manipulated by the researcher.
Natural experiment
Experiment conducted in a natural setting where even the IV is out of the researcher's control.
Quasi experiment
An experiment in which researchers make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large.
Types and subtypes of observations
Main types: naturalistic and controlled. Subtypes: covert and overt, Participant and non-participant.
Naturalistic observation
Observation where nothing is controlled, not even the IV. Everything occurring is naturally happening.
Controlled observation
Observation where some variables are controlled, including the IV. Limits extraneous variables to an extent.
Covert and overt observations
Covert - observation where participants are unaware that they're being observed. Low in demand characteristics/social desirability bias Overt - observation where participants are aware they're being observed. Higher in demand characteristics/social desirability bias
Participant and non-participant observations
Participant - observation where the researcher acts as a participant while observing. Non-participant - observation where the researcher excludes themself from the participants while observing.
Types of self-report techniques
Questionnaires, interviews
Questionnaires
Sets of questions designed to quickly collect info from a large number of respondents.
Interviews
Where a person asks a set of questions to another person.
Types of interviews
Structured - Interviewer is required to stick to the set of questions they're required to ask, no compromising. Unstructured - Interviewer is able to be flexible with the questions being asked, able to compromise, elaborate and ask more questions than the set given.
Correlation
Analysis of the relationship between co-variables.
Correlation vs Experiment
Experiments establish cause and effect while correlations only establish a relationship between two variables.
Types of correlations
positive, negative, no correlation
Strength of correlations
Weak correlations are close to 0, strong correlations are close to -1 or +1, while 0 is no correlation itself.
Content analysis
A systematic analysis in which we turn qualitative data into quantitative data (through coding, i.e giving categories to the data in order to turn it to quantitative).
Case studies
Studies which revolve around a specific person, group, or organisation.
