L15 Temporal and Occipital Lobes

Flashcards about the temporal and occipital lobes based on lecture notes.

Occipital Lobe Damage

Can cause blindness and blindsight.

Apperceptive Agnosia

Can be caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and results in the inability to recognize objects or peppery mask.

Temporal Lobe Lateral Surface Anatomy

Includes the Superior (auditory), Middle, and Inferior temporal gyrus (vision).

Temporal Lobe Medial Surface Anatomy

Includes the Medial temporal lobe. Tucked inside, critical structures for memory.

Superior Temporal Gyrus (A1) Damage Effects

Can lead to deafness, Wernicke’s Aphasia, and Auditory Agnosia (can identify frequency of sound but cannot say its a dog barking) due to its function as the auditory region of the brain.

Middle and Inferior Temporal Gyrus Damage Effects (V4)

Can result in Achromatopsia, Akinetopsia, Ventral Simultagnosia, and Associative Agnosia.

Right Medial Temporal Lobe Damage Effects

Causes impaired visual memory and difficulty recalling information, while copying abilities remain intact.

Left Medial Temporal Lobe Damage Effects

Results in impaired verbal memory, hearing is intact.

Patient H.M. Case Study

Underwent surgery that resulted in both retrograde and anterograde amnesia due to the removal of the medial temporal lobes.

Anterograde Amnesia

The inability to form new memories.

Retrograde Amnesia

Old memories are fine, recent memories cannot be stamped due to lack of MTL. H.M cannot remember recent memories before surgery

Mirror-drawing task and Tower of Hanoi

Demonstrates that patients with MTL damage can still acquire certain skills despite profound memory impairments.

Declarative (Explicit) Memory

Memory of facts and events; affected by lesions in the MTL.

Nondeclarative (Implicit) Memory

Memory for skills, habits, priming, simple nonassociative learning, and classical conditioning; not affected by lesions in the MTL.