MIDTERMS

nursing research

is a systematic investigation designed to develop, validate, or improve knowledge used in nursing practice

Identify researchable problems

responsibility #1

responsibility #1: Identify Researchable Problems

-recognize problems that need investigation

example:
Many pt. experience anxiety before surgery = does preoperative health education reduce anxiety among surgical patients?

develop a clear research question

responsibility #2

responsibility #2: develop a clear research question

a good research is CLEAR, SPECIFIC, RESEARCHABLE, RELEVANT, ETHICAL, and FEASIBLE

review related literature

resposibility #3

responsibility #4: evaluate research evidence

not every published study is equally reliable

evaluate research evidence

responsibility #4

Follow the research protocol

responsibility #5

responsibility #5: Follow the research protocol

• follow the approved methodology

• uses specified instruments and data-collection procedure

• avoid unauthorized changes

• report protocol deviations honestly

Protect research participant

responsibility #6

Responsibility #6: Protect research participants

Treat paticipants with RESPECT, DIGNITY, FAIRNES, PRIVACY, and CONFIDENTIALITY

welfare and rights

what comes first before research results?

responsibility #7; obtain informed consent

paticipants should receive enough information to make voluntary decision

• purpose

• procedure

• risks

• benefits

• confidentiality

• voluntary participation

• right to withdraw

what should you explain in responsibility #7

responsibility #8: Maintain confidentiality

• protect participant’s info

• use participant codes instead of names

• secure records and limit access

• avoid public discussion of identifiable participant

maintain confidentiality

responsibility #8

Obtain informed consent

responsibility#7

responsibility #9: collect data accurately

• record information correctly

• dont change participants’ response

• dont fabricate or intentionally omit relevant data

• check data for errors

collect data accurately

responsibility #9

responsibility #10: Recognize limitation

• every study has limitations

• good researcher explain how limitations may affect interpretation of findings

examples:

small sample size, limited setting, short study period, limited resources, measurement problems, and selection bias

recognize limitation

responsibility #10

responsibility #11: communicate research findings

• share finding thru research reports, posters, presentations, conferences, journals, educational sessions, and clinical recommendations

• research becomes useful when findings are shared and appropriately applied

communicate research finding

responsibility # 11

1. best research evidence

2. clinical expertise

3. patient values

THREE PILLARS OF EBN

Best research evidence

Derived from rigorous quantitative studies, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials

clinical expertise

The nurse’s accumulated clinical proficiency, judgement and critical thinking developed through practical experience

patient values

respecting unique preferences, cultural beliefs, life goals, and individual circumstances in care delivery

PATIENT/POPULATION
INTERVENTION
COMPARISON
OUTCOME

PICO stands for:

Patient/Population

“Who is the patient or population?” (eg; post-operative surgery patients, elderly fall risks)

Intervention

“What is the planned treatment or action?” (eg; post-operative chewing gum protocol)

Comparison

“What is the expected result?” (eg; standard post-operative care without chewing gum)

Outcome

“what is the alternative?” (eg; Time to first flatus, reduction of post-operative ileus)

1. ask

2. acquire

3. appraise

4. apply

5. assess

5 A’s of EBP process:

5 A’s of EBP PROCESS

A systematic roadmap guiding nurses from clinical inquiry to evaluation of practice changes

Ask

Converts information needs into focused, answerable clinical questions (using PICO)

Acquire

Track down the best , highest-quality external evidence (systematic reviews, RCT’s)

Appraise

Critically evaluate evidence for validity, reliability, and clinical applicability

Apply

Integrate the research findings with clinical expertise and patient values into practice

Assess

Evaluates the change outcomes and performance effectiveness over time