Caring for Clients with Disorders of the Bladder and Urethra Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering pathophysiology, assessment, diagnostic findings, and nursing management of bladder and urethral disorders, including urinary retention, incontinence, cystitis, stones, and cancer.

According to gerontologic considerations, how long should a urinary concern diary be maintained to record medication, fluid intake, and voiding?

A diary should be maintained over at least $3\text{ days}$.

What specific medications are noted as potential causes for acute urinary retention?

Administration of drugs such as atropine or a phenothiazine.

In the context of diagnostic findings for urinary retention, what is the purpose of electromyography (EMG)?

Electromyography (EMG) determines the activity of the external sphincter during voiding.

What is the estimated prevalence of urinary incontinence among older clients living in institutions?

One-half of older clients in institutions suffer from incontinence.

Which type of urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of urine from an intact urethra due to a sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure?

Stress incontinence.

What is the mechanism of action for Alpha blockers like Flomax in male patients with urinary issues?

They relax the bladder neck muscles and the prostate.

How frequently can onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections be repeated for clients with overactive bladder?

Treatments can be repeated every $3\text{ months}$.

Describe the surgical procedure known as a sling procedure for urinary structure support.

A procedure using a synthetic or natural material (harvested from the inner thigh or abdomen) placed under the bladder neck and secured to the abdominal wall or pelvic bone to create a hammock-type lifting of the urethra.

What is the recommended voiding frequency interval for a client undergoing bladder training?

Every $2\text{ to 3 hours}$.

Which adjuvant drug is used in the management of cystitis to work as a local anesthetic and reduce bladder discomfort?

Phenazopyridine.

What is the name of the superficial erosion of the bladder mucosa that may develop in patients with Interstitial Cystitis?

Hunner’s ulcer.

Which medication is identified as the most effective bladder protectant for providing relief from bladder pain associated with Interstitial Cystitis?

Elmiron (pentosan polysulfate).

What are the two most common symptoms of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome?

Frequent, painful urination and passing a small volume of urine.

In men, which two microorganisms are common causes of nongonococcal urethritis linked to STIs?

Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.

What is the medical term for the procedure where bladder stones are removed through the transurethral route using a stone-crushing instrument?

Cystolitholapaxy.

What temperature threshold requires the nurse to notify the primary provider when monitoring a client with bladder stones?

A temperature higher than $101\text{ }^\text{∘}\text{F}$ ($38.3\text{ }^\text{∘}\text{C}$ orally).

What starting size instrument is used when beginning the dilatation of a urethral stricture?

A $6\text{-F}$ or $8\text{-F}$ urethral dilator.

What is the leading cause of bladder cancer according to the transcript?

Use of tobacco products.

What is the most common first symptom of bladder cancer?

Painless hematuria.

What structures are removed during a cystectomy for bladder cancer?

The bladder and the lower third of both ureters.