pharm notes (prescription drugs & their effects)

what is the difference between direct & indirect adrenergic agonists?

direct stimulates the adrenergic receptors (are either selective or nonselective) and indirect either releases norepinephrine from vesicles or inhibits reuptake into vesicles

examples of indirect adrenergic agonists

MAOI & COMT (enzyme inhibitors)

Alpha 1 selective adrenergic antagonists generic & brand name

phenylephrine & neo-synephrine

what is phenylephrine (A1) used to treat? (vasoconstriction)

hypertension & nasal congestion

Beta 1 selective adrenergic agonists generic and trade name

dobutamine & dobutrex

what is dobutamine used to treat? (cardiac stimulant)

hypertension & secondary shock due to muscle weakness (MI)

Beta 2 selective adrenergic agonists generic and trade name

albuterol & ventolin

what is albuterol used to treat?

used in asthma attacks to open airways

dopaminergic receptor specific agonists drug & what it does

dopamine produces renal & cardiac effects by dilatating BVs

what are adrenergic antagonists most commonly used to treat?

hypertension

alpha1 selective adrenergic blocker/antagonist generic & trade name

prazosin & minipress

what is prazosin used to treat?

mostly hypertension but can be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy

cardioselective beta blockers/antagonists generic and trade name

atenolol & tenormin

what is atenolol used to treat?

heart issues without producing any noncardiac effects

nonselective beta blockers/antagonists

propranolol & inderal

what is propranolol used to treat?

cardiac issues, but produce respiratory side effects

must do this before administering a beta blocker

monitor apical HR for 1 minute

direct-acting cholinergic agonists generic & trade name

bethanechol & urecholine

what is bethanechol used for?

stimulates muscarinic receptors, producing PSNS responses

Indirect acting cholinergic agonist drug name

pyridostigmine

what is pyridostigmine commonly used for?

it prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine, so things like myasthenia gravis & nerve gas exposure

Cholinergic antagonists drug name

atropine

what is atropine commonly used for?

cholinergic crisis (too much acetylcholine in the body)

antidote to atropine

pilocarpine

what does SLUDGE stand for?

excessive salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis/diarrhea, GI cramping/upset, & emesis (vomiting)