Nutrition, Fitness, and Health

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to human nutrition, dietary requirements, vitamins, minerals, and health.

Caloric Reduction

May promote longevity and health by consuming fewer calories.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Nutrition-based reference values established for use in planning and assessing diets.

GRAS List

Generally Recognized As Safe; a list of food additives and substances deemed safe for consumption.

Malnutrition

A condition resulting from an imbalance of nutrients or inadequate dietary intake.

Electrolytes

Substances in solution that form ions and conduct electricity, essential for maintaining bodily functions.

Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that must be included in the diet as the body cannot synthesize them.

Nonessential Amino Acids

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not need to be obtained through diet.

Fiber

A type of carbohydrate that aids in digestion and controls blood sugar.

Saturated Fat

Fat that should comprise less than 10% of total caloric intake due to health risks.

Vitamins

Organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition, usually required in small amounts.

Trace Minerals

Minerals needed by the body in very small amounts for proper function.

Water-soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body, thus require regular dietary intake.

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that can be stored in the body's fatty tissue for later use.

Antioxidants

Substances that prevent oxidative damage to cells and tissues.

Malnutrition Effects

Can include conditions like obesity, high blood pressure, and various nutrient deficiencies.

Calcium and Phosphorus

Minerals essential for the development of bones and teeth, and necessary for blood coagulation.

Iron

An essential mineral crucial for oxygen transport in the body, deficiency leads to anemia.

Iodine

A trace element necessary for proper thyroid function; deficiency can lead to serious health issues.

Water Intake

Recommended to be 1-1.5 L per day to maintain hydration and bodily functions.

Food Additives

Substances added to food to enhance flavor, preservation, or nutritional value.

Dietary Supplements

Products consumed to add nutrients to the diet that may not be obtained in adequate amounts from food.