Face, TMJ, Ant. Neck, Rib Cage, Pectoral

for exam 1

name some of the superficial structures of the anterior neck and face

hyoid bone, platysma, SCM, sternum, clavicle, mastoid process, jugular notch, thyroid gland and cartilage, cricoid cartilage

what does the ethmoid bone separate?

the nasal cavity and the brain

what does the orbicularis oris muscle do?

closure of oral sphincter (think kiss)

what does the mentalis muscle do?

Raises the skin of the chin and provides major vertical support for the lower lip (think pouting)

what does the depressor anguli oris muscle do?

draws the sides of the mouth inferiorly (think sad face)

what does the masseter muscle do?

chewing

what does the buccinator muscle do?

bring the teeth against the cheeck

what does the zygomaticus major muscle do?

raises the upper lip to bare the upper teeth

what kind of joint is the TMJ?

modified hinge type of synovial joint

what does the TMJ do & where does it connect?

condyle of the mandible articulates with the articular tubercle and mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. the fibrous joint capsule loosely attaches to the articular margins of the temporal bone and around the neck of the mandible

what do the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles do?

process movement of the mandible

where is the sphenomandibular ligament and what does it to

It reinforces the TMJ and connects the sphenoid bone to the mandible (follows line of the mandible)

what does the stylomandibular ligament do?

It connects the styloid process of the temporal bone to the mandible, helping to stabilize the mandible during movement (gives the jaw stability)

name some characteristics of TMJ disorder(s) & ways to potentially treat them

pain in the jaw and face, potentially in the neck (clicking in jaw, jaw is stuck open and goes down and out)

altered movement of the mandibular condyle in the fossa or against the cartilaginous discs (altered to the side and the jaw doesn’t fully open)

can treat with PT, stress reduction, avoid gum chewing and teeth grinding —> surgery is last resort

what does the clavicle articulate with?

acromion (forms the AC joint) & the sternum (forms the SC joint)

where do the ribs come in on the sternum?

to the costal notches (ribs 1-7 attach through the sternal area)

where is the hyoid bone?

Located in the anterior neck, just below the mandible

which muscles depress the hyoid with swallowing and speaking?

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, throhyoid

what is the anterior triangle of the neck?

The anterior triangle of the neck is a region bordered by the mandible, the midline of the neck, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It contains important structures such as the carotid artery, jugular veins, and several nerves

what is the anterior border of the anterior triangle?

the median line of the neck

what is the posterior border of the anterior triangle?

anterior border of SCM

superior border and anterior triangle?

inferior border of mandible

apex of anterior triangle?

jugular notch of manubrium

roof of anterior triangle?

subcutaneous tissue & platysma

floor of the anterior triangle?

pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

what is the posterior triangle of the neck?

a region bordered by the SCM, the trapezius, and the clavicle. It contains the external jugular vein, the subclavian artery, and several nerves, including the spinal accessory nerve

anterior border of the posterior triangle?

posterior margin of the SCM

posterior border of the posterior triangle?

anterior border of trapezius

inferior border of the posterior triangle?

middle third of clavicle

apex of posterior triangle?

where SCM and trapezius meet at the nuchal line

roof of the posterior triangle?

deep cervical fascia

floor of posterior triangle?

muscles covered by prevertebral deep cervical fascia

what is the thoracic cage?

contains the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs & their costal cartilages, & 12 thoracic vertebrae and IV discs

what does the thoracic cage do?

surround thoracic cavity, protects organs such as heart, lungs, liver, spleen, supports the pectoral girdle, and provides attachment for muscles of thorax, abdomen, back, and UE

which ribs are considered true ribs?

1-7 (attach to costal notches)

which ribs are considered false ribs?

8,9,&10

which ribs are considered floating ribs?

11&12

each “typical rib” (ribs 3-9) has…

head & crest of the head, neck, tubercle, angle, body

atypical ribs are… (numbers)

1st rib is broad, short, and has grooves for subclavian vessels; has a scalene tubercle, and a single facet on the head for T1 vertebrae;

2nd rib is thinner, less curved, longer, has 2 facets for articulation with T1 & T2, and a tuberosity for the serratus anterior;

10,11,12 only have one facet;

11th and 12th are short without a neck or tubercle

IV joints

symphysis joint; articulation with adjacent vertebral bodies bound together by IV discs

costovertebral joint

synovial plane joint; articulation of the head of the rib w/ superior demifacet/costal facet of corresponding vertebral body & inferior demifacet/costal facet of superior vertebral body

costotransverse joint

synovial plane joint; articulation of tubercle of rib w/ transverse process of corresponding vertebral body

sternocostal joint

1 degree cartilaginous joint (1st rib) & synovial plane joint (ribs 2-7); articulation of 1st costal cartilages w/ manubrium of sternum and costal cartilages 2-7 w/ sternum (respectively)

costovertebral joint

1 degree cartilaginous joint; articulation of lateral end of costal cartilage w/ sternal end of rib

interchondral joint

synovial plane joint; articulation between costal cartilages of ribs 6/7, 7/8, 8/9

manubriosternal joint

symphysis joint (2 degree cartilaginous); articulation of manubrium w/ body of sternum

what is the pump-handle & bucket handle motion?

the motion during inspiration increasing vertical, AP, and transverse dimension (rib cage moves superior, anterior, and lateral)

during bucket handle —> middle parts of lower ribs move laterally when elevated

during pump handle —> upper ribs are elevated, the AP diameter of thorax is increased

acromioclavicular joint

synovial plane joint; acromial end of clavicle articulates w/ acromion of scapula

sternoclavicular joint

synovial saddle joint; sternal end of clavicle articulates w/ manubrium & 1st costal cartilage

scapulothoracic joint

scapula lies adjacent to the soft tissue of the thoracic wall

what do the joints in the pectoral girdle do?

retract, protract, and rotate the GH joint (scapular winging)

what structures pull your shoulders forward & how to stretch them?

pec major & minor;

either stretch at the GH joint (doorway stretch) or retract the shoulders to put the GH joint in extension

what muscle is responsible for a winged scapula (and how to fix it)?

serratus anterior; scapula is out of place (inferior border is moving AWAY from the rib cage)

can do rowing (retraction) exercises, serratus punches (scapula protracting & retracting)

what are the axilla boundaries?

under the shoulder joint where the arm connects to the shoulder (the armpit area)

apex of axilla boundary

cervico-axillary canal between clavical & 1st rib

base of axilla boundary

skin & fascia of the armpit

anterior wall axilla boundary

pec major & minor and the fascia

posterior wall axilla boundary

anterior suface of scapula, subscap, teres major, and lat dorsi

medial wall axilla boundary

thoracic wall & serratus anterior

lateral wall axilla boundary

intertubercular groove of the humerus

what are the axillary contents?

the axillary artery & vein, the lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels, and the brachial plexus