Qualitative Data FINAL

Open-ended and non-directional.

What are qualitative research questions like?

A central research question.

What drives the purpose of a qualitative study?

Usually 5–7 sub-questions.

How many sub-questions are typically used in qualitative research?

Narrative, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Case Study.

What are the five major qualitative approaches?

Autobiographies, biographies, life stories, personal stories; descriptions of events in human experience.

What does the narrative approach study? (name at least 2)

Autobiography, life history, oral history.

What are common forms of narrative data? (3)

phenomenology

this focuses studying a phenomenon from the perspective of the individuals involved.

phenomenology

the goal of this is to provide insight into the world as participants perceive and experience it.

It captures perspectives that have never been previously recorded.

What is often unique about phenomenological research?

To generate or extend theory.

What is the purpose of grounded theory?

grounded theory

this theory produces abstract analytical schema—a theory explaining actions, interactions, or processes.

How they define reality and how their beliefs relate to their actions.

What does grounded theory explore about people?

“Portrait of people.”

What does “ethnography” translate to?

Studying cultures.

What is ethnography used for?

Ways people live, believe, and adapt.

What does ethnography seek to understand?

From the insider’s perspective.

How is the culture described in ethnography?

case study

this investigates activities or complex processes that cannot be easily separated from their social context.

case study

An intensive study of a single unit to generalize across similar phenomena.

problem, issue, or phenomenon

What does a case study aim to provide?

A holistic understanding of a _____ within its social context.

non-probabilistic sampling

A sampling strategy where participants are not randomly selected.

purposive sampling

A form of non-probabilistic sampling where participants are chosen based on the diversity of perspectives needed

As “informants.”

In purposive sampling, how are participants viewed?

Diversity of perspectives, not representativeness.

What is the basis for selecting participants in purposive sampling?

No, it may not be completely determined initially.

Is the sample in purposive sampling always predetermined?

The perspective desired (e.g., individuals, programs/organizations/communities, identity-based groups).

What does sampling depend on in qualitative research?

“Are the results believable?”

What question does credibility address?

Internal validity.

Credibility is analogous to what quantitative concept?

Source checking and member checking.

What are two strategies used to improve credibility?

“Can the results be generalized?”

What question does transferability address?

External validity.

Transferability is analogous to what quantitative concept?

A clear description of the research context.

What supports transferability?

“Could the results be repeated?”

What question does dependability address?

Reliability.

Dependability is analogous to what quantitative concept?

research setting.

How is dependability demonstrated?

By describing effects of the specific ____

“Was researcher bias addressed?”

What question does confirmability address?

Objectivity.

Confirmability is analogous to what quantitative concept?

procedures

How is confirmability strengthened?

Through thorough documentation of ___.

quantitative and qualitative data.

When is mixed methods research appropriate?

When the research question is best answered through both )__ and ___ data

timeline and weight

What determines the mixed methods study design?

The __ and __ assigned to each data type.

Concurrent and sequential.

What are the two major types of timing in mixed methods?

Equal or unequal emphasis on data types.

What are the two weighting options in mixed methods?

Integration of data sets.

What is the key feature of mixed methods research?

Exploratory, explanatory, and concurrent.

What are common mixed methods designs? (3)

What is the pragmatic goal of mixed methods designs?

To increase the breadth, depth, and consistency of research findings.