nutrients and feeding

nutrition is used to

acquire food and turn food into ATP

site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells

mitochondria

purpose of cellular respiration

to turn biochemical energy into ATP

reason for production or acquisition of food

survival

photosynthesis formula

carbon dioxide, water, and light yield glucose, water, and oxygen

site of photosynthesis in plants and eukaryotic photosynthesizers

chloroplasts

site of photosynthesis in prokaryotes

foldings of plasma membrane

cellular respiration completed by what type of organism? why?

heterotrophs to acquire food

cellular respiration general formula

glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

main way plants acquire nutrients

photosynthesis

in addition to photosynthesis plants need…

macro and micro nutrients

nutrient deficiencies in plants can lead to…

significant impacts on growth and development

carnivorous plants

in bogs, soil is acidic and lacks nitrogen, so instead of using nitrogen fixing bactera plants become carnivorous

where do plants require nitrogen from

ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (NO3-)

what is most of the nitrogen in the atmosphere in the form of

N2 gas

how is nitrogen converted for plants to use

nitrogen fixing bactera

what do nitrogen fixing bacteria get from plants

carbohydrates

parasitic plants

steal nutrients from other plants by growing into their phloem

filter feeding

animals that strain food from aquatic environment

deposit feeding

animals that feed on detrius (organic matter from decomposition); can be terrestrial or aquatic

fluid feeding

animals that use proboscis (long tube like structures to penetrate) to access fluid and feed from it

bulk feeding

animals that eat large amounts or large pieces of food at one time (examples are humans, lions, and pandas)

ram feeding

predator goes to the prey

suction feeding

the prey is sucked up by the predator

cnidarian and flatworm digestive system

bag (one opening); food enters the same hole that waste exits from

other invertebrates and vertebrate digestive system

tube (two openings); food enters one hole and waste exits another

accessory organs in vertebrates

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

nonmammalian vertebrates (waste exit)

cloaca

cloaca definition

similar to anus, but also combines the unirary opening and genitals

first step in digestion process

teeth and mouth

teeth and mouth function

break up food and mix with saliva (enzymes) to begin digestion

birds dont have teeth so _ function similarly

gizzard

stomach function

folds up when empty and inflates when full; contains acid secretions to break down food; in humans only proteins partially digested in stomach while carbs and fats are digested in the small intestine

small intestine function

specialized for nutrient uptake; has digestive enzymes; nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream