Colonial Regions: Southern, New England, and Middle Colonies

Flashcards covering key topics from the Southern, New England, and Middle colonies, including Jamestown, Puritans, Native American relations, and colonial governance.

What were the three major colonial regions discussed in the notes?

New England colonies, Middle colonies, and Southern colonies.

Which colonies constitute the New England region?

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

Which colonies constitute the Middle region?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Which colonies constitute the Southern region?

Virginia (Chesapeake), Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

What system awarded 50 acres of land to anyone who brought an indentured servant to America?

Headright system.

What was the first legislative assembly in colonial America, established in Virginia in 1619?

The Virginia House of Burgesses.

What cash crop saved Jamestown and fueled expansion in Virginia?

Tobacco.

Who led Jamestown and pushed the colonists to farm and negotiate with Powhatan?

John Smith.

What event in 1622 significantly weakened Jamestown?

Powhatan uprising (attack that killed about 347 colonists).

What phrase did John Winthrop use to describe Boston as a model Christian community?

A city upon a hill.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement for self-government and to form a civil body politic among the Pilgrims.

Who were the Separatists who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620?

The Pilgrims.

Which movement brought thousands of Puritans to Massachusetts Bay during 1629-1640?

The Great Migration.

Name two major colonial wars with Native Americans in New England?

Pequot War (1637) and King Philip's War (1675-76).

Who was Metacom in colonial history?

King Philip, leader of the Wampanoag.

What did Roger Williams find after banishment from Massachusetts?

Rhode Island.

What happened to Anne Hutchinson for challenging Puritan leaders' authority?

She was banished and helped establish Rhode Island.

Which colony was founded by William Penn as a 'Holy Experiment' promoting religious toleration?

Pennsylvania.

Which city in Pennsylvania became a major trading port?

Philadelphia.

What was New Netherland, and what happened to it in 1664?

A Dutch colony that was seized by Britain and renamed New York.

Who was the Dutch governor who resisted takeover but failed to rally colonists?

Peter Stuyvesant.

What was the significance of tobacco in Virginia’s economy?

It created demand for labor, spurred expansion, and led to slavery.

When did the first African slaves arrive in Jamestown?

1619.

What is the Virginia headright system?

Land grants (50 acres) given to anyone who paid for an indentured servant's passage.

What was the purpose of indentured servitude in Virginia?

To provide labor for tobacco cultivation; servants agreed to work for several years in exchange for passage.

What is the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

It was the first written constitution in American history.

What was the policy of religious toleration in Pennsylvania?

Promoted toleration; diverse population; fair land purchases from Indians; limited slavery.

What were the Pequot War and King Philip’s War?

Major conflicts between New England settlers and Native Americans (1637 and 1675-76).

What was the Halfway Covenant in New England?

Policy allowing partial church membership for those without a conversion experience.

What event illustrates the Salem Witch Trials of 1692?

Mass hysteria with religious fervor, leading to executions and imprisonment.

What event ended Plymouth’s independence and connected it to Massachusetts Bay?

Plymouth was absorbed into the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691.

Which mid-Atlantic colony was originally New Netherland and later became New York?

New Netherland.

What was the 'Inner Light' concept associated with the Quakers in Pennsylvania?

The belief that all people can directly communicate with God and are equal.

What was the Great Migration’s impact on New England?

Thousands of Puritans settled in Massachusetts Bay, fueling population growth and community development.