The Delhi Sultanate

Mamluk Dynasty

The period from 1206 CE to 1526 CE in Indian history known as the Delhi Sultanate, founded by Qutubbudin Aibak, a Turkish slave, who established the Slave dynasty, also called the Mamluk dynasty.

Raziya Sultan

The first and only known female sultan in India, Raziya Sultan, daughter of Iltutmish, was well-educated, adept in military tactics, and faced opposition from the nobility during her reign in 1236 CE-1239 CE.

Alauddin Khalji

Nephew of Jalauddin, Alauddin Khalji ascended the throne in 1296 CE, known for his market reforms and establishment of a permanent standing army in Delhi.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq

Ruled from c. 1324 CE to 1351 CE, Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a talented ruler who introduced controversial measures like taxation in the Doab, transfer of the capital, and token currency in the Delhi Sultanate.

Sayyid Dynasty

Ruled from 1414 CE to 1451 CE after Khizr Khan overthrew the last Tughlaq ruler, Mahmud Shah, establishing the Sayyid dynasty before being replaced by the Lodi dynasty.

Lodi Dynasty

The Afghan-origin ruling family of the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 CE to 1526 CE, with Bahlul Lodi as the first ruler, succeeded by Sikandar Lodi and Ibrahim Lodi, who was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 CE.