Classification of Matter

Pure Substance

A substance made of only one type of atom or molecule.

Metals

Elements that tend to lose electrons, have good electrical conductivity, are malleable, and have a shiny appearance.

Nonmetals

Elements that tend to gain electrons, lack electrical conductivity, and may not have a shiny appearance.

Metalloid

Elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Noble Gases

Elements that are stable due to a full outer electron shell and do not readily react chemically with other elements.

Compound

A substance formed by the combination of two or more different types of atoms.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed by the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals, resulting in charged particles.

Covalent Compound

A compound formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms, with varying strengths of attraction based on electronegativity differences.

Polar Compound

A compound with an unequal sharing of electrons, leading to one element exerting a stronger pull due to higher electronegativity.

Non-polar Compound

A compound with an equal sharing of electrons, where both elements have similar electronegativities.

"Likes Dissolves Likes"

A principle stating that substances with similar polarities will dissolve in each other.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

Homogeneous

A mixture that is uniform and consistent, consisting of a solute (higher concentration) dissolved in a solvent (lower concentration).

Solutions

Homogeneous mixtures where the solute is evenly distributed in the solvent.

Heterogeneous

A mixture that is non-uniform and inconsistent in composition.

Colloid

Particles that remain suspended in a solution due to their size preventing complete dissolution.

Suspension

Particles that settle at the bottom of a solution due to their large size preventing dissolution.