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What content will be assessed? Poverty Unit- absolute vs relative poverty, the poverty cycle, causes of poverty, impacts on marginalized communities Development Unit- Roots of development with physical and human factors impacting development. Key composite and single indicators that measure development (data interpretation). Strategies to improve development using development indicators and impact on stakeholders. Russian Revolution Unit - Short and Long term causes of a revolution. Comparing the causes of the Russian Revolutions from October 1905 (unsuccessful revolution) and Feb/March 1917 (Abdication of the Tsar) and Oct/Nov 1917 (Bolshevik Revolution). Which skills will be assessed? Poverty and Development Unit - data response including maps, graphs, and text excerpts Russian Revolution Unit - source comprehension and interpretation, OPCVL, Comparing and Contrasting Sources Critical thinking with the inclusion of specific evidence within structured writing. This could be articulated with the application of source material and data, as well as the effective use of real-world examples. Demonstration of PEEL paragraph structure in long answer responses.
Absolute Poverty
Absolute poverty is measured relative to a fixed standard of living; that is, an income threshold that is constant across time and countries. This notion of poverty allows counting the number of people who are destitute by a common global standard.
Relative Poverty
A government usually says a person is in poverty if they do not reach a certain level of income. You have a low income relative to others in a country. For example, a country might say if you earn less than 50% (in some countries 40%) of the average income you are in poverty. We often call this being ‘below the poverty line’ as we are referring to the income line in the specific country
Poverty Cycle
The cycle of poverty is the concept that poor families become trapped in poverty for generations
Causes of Poverty
Individuals: Poor work ethic, lack of persistence and self destructive behaviour
Societies: Corruption, social/political systems
Impacts on Marginalized Communities
Limited healthcare, malnutrition, lack of education, housing, employment
Example 1 Marginalized Community
Indigenous Australians face higher rates of chronic diseases and lower life expectancy compared to non-Indigenous Australians, with life expectancy approximately 8-9 years lower . Limited access to healthcare services in remote areas exacerbates these health disparities, leading to higher hospitalizations for manageable conditions .
Example 2 Marginalized Community
Roma children in Europe face significant educational barriers, including segregation into inferior schools and classes, resulting in poor educational outcomes and higher dropout rates . Discriminatory practices and inadequate resources in these schools further limit their opportunities for socioeconomic mobility .
Development
Process of change operating over time
Physical Geography
Physical geography is what we are more familiar with as it involves earth’s land areas, bodies of water, plant life, etc. Physical geographers help in making decisions about managing different types of resources such as water, forests, and land.
Human Geography
Human geography is about people’s religion, culture, and way of life. Human geographers aid in planning cities and the formulation of international business models.
Single indicator
One dimension
Composite Indicator
Single indicators compiled together into a number
GNP: Gross National Product
An estimated value of the total worth of
production and services by citizens of a
country, on its land or on foreign land,
calculated over the course on one year.
HDI: Human Development Index
Measure and rank countries' levels of social and economic development based on four criteria: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita.
Note 
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